Transcript IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

What is IIASA?
An introduction to the
International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis
CONTENTS
1. Major Global Challenges
2. IIASA’s History
3. IIASA’s Approach
4. Research Strategy, Output and
Impact
MAJOR GLOBAL
CHALLENGES
MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES
FOOD
FOOD
• 870 million people were undernourished
in 2012 (FAO)
• By 2030, the world’s population will have
increased by one billion (IIASA)
• Agriculture accounts for 70% of
freshwater withdrawals (UN Water)
MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES
WATER
WATER
• 783 million people have inadequate
access to safe freshwater (WHO & UNICEF)
• Water use has been growing at more
than twice the rate of population increase
in the last century (FAO & UN-Water)
• Hydropower supplies about 20% of the
world’s electricity (ICOLD)
MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES
ENERGY
ENERGY
• 2.5 billion people are without access to
modern energy (IIASA/GEA)
• World primary energy demand expected to
increase by 33% between 2011 & 2035 (IEA)
• Energy production and consumption
contributes over 80% of global GHG
emissions (IIASA)
MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES
CLIMATE
CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE
• Each of the last three decades has been
successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than
any preceding decade since 1850 (IPCC)
• Global surface temperature change for the end
of the 21st century is likely to exceed 1.5°C
relative to 1850 for all scenarios (IPCC)
• 70 million Africans could suffer from devastating
floods as a result of climate change (IPCC)
MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES
POVERTY
& EQUITY
POVERTY & EQUITY
• 1.2 billion people are still living in
extreme poverty (UN MDG)
• 60.9 % of workers in the developing
world still live on less than US$4 a day
(UN MDG)
• “Hunger is a cause of poverty, not just a
consequence of it.” (FAO)
INEXTRICABLY LINKED
Energy &
Climate
Change
Food &
Water
Poverty
& Equity
RESEARCHING GLOBAL CHALLENGES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integrated
Interdisciplinary
International
Independent
Solution-oriented
Long term
Trade offs
= Systems
Analysis
IIASA helps to put
the puzzle together
IIASA’S
HISTORY
THE 1960s
Sources: nuclearweaponarchive.org, The Guardian, US Department of Interior,
1972
Sources: IIASA
IIASA’S
APPROACH
ATTRACT THE BEST SCIENTISTS
Scientific Staff
Research visitors to IIASA
Other worldwide
collaborators (including ~25% of
323
1,400
~800
IIASA alumni network)
TOTAL (for 2014)
~2500
In addition, IIASA collaborates with almost 300
institutions from 65 countries
NOBEL PRIZE
WINNERS
Professor Tjalling Koopmans
and Professor Leonid Kantorovich
Nobel Prize in Economics (1975)
NOBEL PRIZE
WINNERS
Professor Paul Crutzen
Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1995)
NOBEL PRIZE
WINNERS
Professor Thomas C. Schelling
Nobel Prize for Economics (2005)
NOBEL PRIZE
WINNERS
Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change
Nobel Peace Prize (2007)
YOUNG
SCIENTISTS
SUMMER
PROGRAM
INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTISTS
29% 30%
41%
Natural Scientists &
Engineers
Social Scientists
Mathematicians and
others
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS
HOME OF IIASA SINCE 1972
IIASA’S
MEMBERS:
Represent scientific community
of a country and are often the
National Academy or principal
research funding agency
FUNDING
• Annual income in 2014 was €19.2 million of which
54% was from IIASA’s National Member
Organizations
• Additional funding comes from contracts and
grants. Between 2006 and 2014, IIASA’s research
was awarded grants that amounted to €69 million.
This was part of a total funding portfolio of €329
million of the external projects in which IIASA was
and is involved.
RESEARCH
STRATEGY,
OUTPUT AND
IMPACT
IIASA’S STRATEGY
2011-2020
MISSION
To provide insight and guidance to
policymakers worldwide by finding
solutions to global and universal
problems through applied systems
analysis in order to improve human
and social wellbeing and to protect
the environment.
OUTPUT: JOURNAL ARTICLES
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Peer-reviewed journal articles
according to SCOPUS
148 166 208 242 250
JOURNAL ARTICLES & CITATONS
10000
300
9000
250
8000
7000
200
Citations
6000
5000
150
4000
100
3000
2000
50
1000
0
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Citations
Journal Articles
EXAMPLE OF
IIASA’S IMPACT
EFFECTS
OF
AIR
POLLUTION
CAUSES
OF
AIR
POLLUTION
Cut sulfur
dioxide by
30%
Moderate costs
Ecosystem highly
resilient to acid
rain
Cut sulfur
dioxide by
30%
Very high costs
Ecosystem highly
vulnerable to acid
rain
THE RAINS MODEL
For 43 European countries:
• Pollution generation & control options, including
costs
• Atmospheric transport and deposition
• Impacts on the environment
ASK THE RAINS MODEL
Any number of “What if…?” questions:
• How much would it cost to reduce sulfur dioxide
levels to a given standard for all of Europe?
• For the worst-affected areas only?
• What is the cheapest way to stop acidification of
forest soils in Bohemia?
• What would be the impact of a new emissions
standard for, say, power plants on eutrophication?
On acidification? On ozone formation?
RAINS gives answers to such questions, usually
within minutes.
INTERNATIONAL TREATY
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
• Signed by 33 European governments
• One of the most successful multilateral treaties
protecting the environment
• Helped Europe to cut sulfur dioxide emissions by 60%
over the past 20 years
• With support of RAINS, treaty and EU now tackles
multiple air pollutants (SO2, NOX, NH3, VOCs, PMs)
RAINS extended to include greenhouse gases (GAINS)
and used by numerous parties and organizations involved
in climate change negotiations
CLEAN AIR IN EUROPE
Thank you
For further information about IIASA:
www.iiasa.ac.at or [email protected]
Subscribe to IIASA’s publications:
www.iiasa.ac.at/keepintouch