Transcript Animal Health PPT

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
Chapters:
 21—Animal Health
Spencer Agricultural Education
Curriculum 2013
Chapter 21: Animal Health
Unit Objectives:
 Know nine ways to prevent diseases
 List three ways vaccines and drugs may be
administered to animals
 Know the vital signs of a healthy animal
 Be able to discuss more prevalent livestock
diseases
Chapter 21: Animal Health
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Mortality rate: death loss; most dramatic sign of
health problems
Morbidity: sickness; lower production levels and
higher production costs are more economically
serious
Disease: any deviation from normal health in which
there are marked physiological, anatomical, or
chemical changes in the animal’s body
Chapter 21: Animal Health
 Noninfectious diseases: result from injury,
genetic abnormalities, ingestion of toxic
materials and poor nutrition
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Plant poisoning
Bloat
Mineral deficiencies
Chapter 21: Animal Health
 Infectious diseases: caused by microorganisms
(bacteria, viruses, and protozoa)
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Brucellosis
Ringworm
 Contagious diseases: infectious diseases that
spreads rapidly from one animal to another
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Rabies
Foot and Mouth Disease
Prevention of Diseases
 Veterinarian-assisted planning
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Familiar with diseases and health issues
Can assist in training personnel
More economically sound to work together vs.
calling in crises
Post-mortem exams with necropsy records
 Sanitation
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Severity of disease = number and virulence of
microorganisms in contact with the animal’s body
Prevention of Diseases
 Proper nutrition
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Proper amounts of vitamins and minerals to
prevent deficiencies or toxicity
Adequate protein and energy to boost immune
system
 Record analysis
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ID of problems, treatments, and preventions and
their effectiveness
Prevention of Diseases
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Physical facilities
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Injury and stress contribute to health problems
Environment can lead to transmission of diseases
Source of livestock
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Purchase of animals from infected herd
Control exposure to visitors and vehicles
Provide clothing, boots, & disinfectants to visitors
Isolation of diseased and new animals
Control insects, rodents, wildlife, and birds
Drainage patterns
Prevention of Diseases
 Proper use of biologics and pharmaceuticals
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Biologics: preventative measures
Pharmaceuticals: treatments
Administration:
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Topically: skin
Orally: in feed, through mouth
Injections: subcutaneous, intramuscularly, intravenously,
intramammary, intraperitoneal, intrauterine
Anthelmintics: drugs used to kill internal parasites
Prevention of Diseases
 Minimizing stress
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Many sources of stress to consider; most common
are crowding, improper feeding, working
(vaccination, dehorning, or castration)
 Personnel training
Detecting Unhealthy Animals
 Visual observation:
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Loss of appetite
Listlessness, depression
Droopy or fatigued stance
Hump in back and/or lowered head
Segregated from herd mates
Coughing, wheezing, and labored breathing
Detecting Unhealthy Animals
 Vital signs: (p. 356)
Body Temperature
Respiration Rate
Heart Rate
Cattle
101.5° F
30/min.
50/min.
Swine
102.5° F
16/min.
60/min.
Horse
100.0° F
12/min.
45/min.
Chicken
107.1° F
12-36/min.
275/min.
Major Diseases of Farm
Animals
 Know signs, prevention and treatment of
diseases listed below
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Bovine: Brucellosis, Scours (viral), Mastitis, Milk
Fever
Swine: Pseudorabies, Mycoplasmal infections,
TGE (Transmissable Gastroenteritis)
Equine: Colic, Lameness
Ovine: Pregnancy Toxaemia, Epididymitis,
Footrot
Avian: Marek’s Disease, Newcastle Disease
REVIEW
 Read Chapter 21
 Do Chapter 21 Questions 1-6