Transcript 2.01 structures of circ. system

2.01 Remember the structures
of the circulatory system
Essential questions

What are the structures of blood?

What are the structures of the circulatory
system?
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Structures of the circulatory system
Blood
 Heart
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries

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Blood
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Hemat- = blood
-ology = the study of
The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
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Blood
One drop of blood contains:
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5 million RBCs
250,000-500,000 platelets
7,500 WBCs
Red blood cells live 120 days.
Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
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Structures of the blood
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Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
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Plasma
Plasma
Cellular
elements
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Plasma proteins
Plasma
Cellular
elements
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Erythrocytes
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Biconcave disk
Hemoglobin
Transportation
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Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
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Leukocytes
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Larger than
erythrocytes
Five types
Leuk/o/cytes –
white cells
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Leukocytes
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Agranulocytes
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Lymphocytes
Monocytes
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Leukocytes
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Granulocytes
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
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Thrombocytes
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Smallest of solid
components of blood
Synthesized in red
marrow
Not cells, composed of
fragments of
megakaryocytes
Necessary for the
initiation of the blood
clotting process
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Blood types
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Inherited from parents
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Determined by presence
or absence of an antigen
on the surface of the red
blood cell
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In 1901, the Austrian
immunologist Karl
Landsteiner discovered
that blood may be
grouped into four main
types.
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Based on the reaction
that resulted when blood
from different individuals
were mixed.
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Blood types
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Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies
Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies
Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies
Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies
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Rh factor

Rhesus (Rh) factor is an
inherited trait that refers to a
specific protein found on the
surface of red blood cells
(antigen).
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Blood used in transfusions
must match donors for Rh
status as well as for ABO
blood type.
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Although Rh factor doesn't
affect the patient’s health, it
can affect pregnancy.
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Rh factor
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In 1940, the Rh factor
was discovered as a
result of studying Rhesus
monkeys.
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When blood from
monkeys was injected
into rabbits and guinea
pigs, it clotted.
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Rh factor
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If the blood has the
protein, the patient is
Rh positive.
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If the blood lacks the
protein, the patient is
Rh negative.
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Structures of the circulatory system

Heart
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Heart
The heart is a
double pump.
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Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
Left atrium
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Septum
Apex
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Layers of the heart
Left atrium
Right atrium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
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Conduction system of heart beats
Refer to your textbook to
identify the structures of the
heart’s conduction system in
the correct sequence for the
heart to beat.
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Structures of the circulatory system
ARTERIES
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Vessels of the circulatory system
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ARTERIES
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Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to
the capillaries
Elastic, muscular and thick-walled
Transport blood under very high pressure
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Arteries > arterioles > capillaries
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Vessels of the
circulatory system
Arterial blood
Oxygen rich
Bright red, spurts
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Structures of the circulatory system
 VEINS
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Vessels of the circulatory system
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VEINS
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Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the
heart
Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and
muscular than arteries
Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood
Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction
of the heart
Veins > Venules > Capillaries
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Vessels of the
circulatory system
Venous blood
Oxygen poor
Dark crimson, oozes
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Vessels of the circulatory system
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Structures of the circulatory system
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Capillaries
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The smallest
blood vessels
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Connect
arterioles to
venules
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Structures of the circulatory system
Trace the flow of blood
through the body
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Flow of blood through the body
Right side
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Left Side
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Body
Lungs CO2 and O2
exchange
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Pulse sites
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Alternating expansion and contraction of an
artery as blood flows through it.
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Common pulse sites
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