Transcript worked - Danilo Alagić

UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO
FINAL TEST
PREPARATION
CONDITIONAL
CLAUSES
GERUND AND
INFINITIVE
INFINITIVES ARE THEREFORE DIVIDED INTO:
FULL INFINITIVE – TO DO, TO PLAY, TO GO
BARE INFINITIVE – DO, PLAY, GO
WE USE BARE INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO:
AFTER VERBS MAKE AND LET:
SHE MADE ME SIGN THE CONTRACT.
THEY MAKE ME GO TO WORK.
SHE HAS MADE ME REPAINT THE OFFICE.
THEY LET US GO.
SHE HAS LET US FILL INJ THE FORM.
WE ALSO USE BARE INFINITIVE AFTER ALL
MODAL VERBS: CAN, SHOULD, MUST, WILL ...
THEY CAN CALL YOU.
WE MUST GO NOW.
WE USE FULL INFINITIVE, WITH TO:
PAY ATTENTION:
AFTER ON, IN, AFTER, BY, TO, AT, ABOUT, HOW
ABOUT, BEFORE WE USE ING!
THEY ARE TALKING ABOUT .............................. (MOVE)
MOVING
SHE IS GOOD AT ..................... (SWIM)
SWIMMING
PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION:
AFTER LOOK FORWARD WE USE TO + VERB + ING
SHE LOOKS FORWARD .............................. (HEAR) YOU.
TO HEARING
THEY LOOK FORWARD .............................. (MEET) US.
TO MEETING
WE ARE LOOKING FORWARD TO ........................... (VISIT)
YOU.
TO VISITING
WE ALSO USE V+ING AFTER EXPRESSIONS:
TO BE BUSY, IT IS NO USE, WOULD YOU MIND
HE IS BUSY PREPARING FOR THE EXAM.
IT IS NO USE TRYING.
WOULD YOU MIND OPENING THE WINDOW?
WOULD YOU MIND DOING THIS EXERCISE?
Complete the Dialogues with either the infinitive or
gerund.
A: Did you decide ________ (take) the job you were offered?
B: Well, at first it really seemed _________ (to be) a good
offer, and I considered ________ (take) it. But, ultimately, I
decided not _________ (accept) the offer.
A: Why not?
B: Well, I was worried about _________ (be) forced to travel a
lot. The job offer involved a lot of international travel. I am not
intereseted in ________ (travel) overseas for weeks at a
time.
A: I would have accepted the position. I don’t mind ________
(travel) abroad.
B: I know. It just wasn’t right for me. I still intend _______
(get) a new job and I hope ________ (find) something by the
end of this year.
1. James offered _______________ Ben a lift to the airport.
(give)
2. Would you mind _______________ back in about twenty
minutes? I'm in the middle of a meeting. (phone)
3. It's not worth _______________ to the meeting now. It's
almost over. (go)
4. They arranged _______________ at a hotel near the
aiport rather than in the city centre. (stay)
5. We've decided _______________ some more staff for the
summer season. (hire)
6. Nicolette can't help _______________ that the project is
going to be a complete disaster. (think)
7. Stewart refused _______________ the terms of his new
contract. (discuss)
8. Do you fancy _______________ us for dinner
tonight? (join)
9. The company plans _______________ twenty new stores
across the United States this summer. (open)
10. "Have you managed _______________ at the proposal
yet?" - "Sorry, I've been really busy. I promise
_______________ it tonight though." (look at; read)
PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
Affirmative sentences:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Past Participle
have
seen
has
seen
Negative sentences:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Past Participle
haven’t (=have not)
seen
hasn’t (=has not)
seen
EVER
NEVER
SINCE
FOR
ALREADY
JUST
YET
LATELY
RECENTLY
THIS IS THE FIRST/SECOND TIME
IN THE LAST FEW YEARS
THREE TIMES/FOUR TIMES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
We are happy to inform you that we (establish) a new
branch in Australia.
Bob Westley (sign ) the contract.
We (acquire) a new customer.
Alice Wilson (agree) to organise the teams.
I (print out / just) the letter.
Our customers (be / always) satisfied with our services.
Unfortunately, you (react / not) to our reminder notice.
Hannah (send / not) out the quotation yet.
Which company (submit) the most favourable offer?
Translate the following sentences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Kupili su kuću.
Pročitali su knjigu.
Vidio sam ga jednom od ponedjeljka.
Da li si ikada bio u Lisabonu?
Još nije bio u Londonu.
Upravo su doputovali.
Koliko dugo živite ovdje?
Past Simple:
 When sth happened at a particular/specific moment in the
past.
 Sth that ended in the past.
 Example sentences:
He worked in a factory in 1834
I wrote this letter when I was 16.
1)
2)
IF A VERB IS REGULAR WE
ADD – ED
IF THE VERB IS IRREGULAR
WE USE “THE SECOND
COLUMN”
4/8/2017
32
Past Simple:
HOW?
 Verb+ed/
2nd column
 Did/didn’t

+
?
-
I worked
Did I work?
I didn’t work
You worked
Did you work?
You didn’t work
He worked
Did he work?
He didn’t work
She worked
Did she work?
She didn’t work
It worked
Did it work?
It didn’t work
Did we work?
We didn’t work
Did you work?
You didn’t work
Did they work?
They didn’t work
DID/DIDN’TWe worked
You worked
folowed by:
They worked
infinitive



I went to school five minutes ago.
She swept the flat.
They broke the window.

To talk about the actions that were completed in
the past.

The time is known or can be understood from
the context.

Common time expressions:
yesterday, last week, last month, in
1998, five minutes ago, when …
Translate the following sentences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Kupili su kuću juče.
Pročitali su knjigu prošle nedjelje.
Vidio sam ga u ponedjeljak.
Sreo sam ga prije pet minuta.
Naš čas je počeo u 08:10
Vidio sam ih zajedno prije dva dana.
HAVE IN MIND:
WHEN – SIMPLE PAST, HOW LONG – PRESENT PERFECT
WITH: THIS IS THE FIRST/SECOND/THIRD/HUNDREDTH
TIME WE ALWAYS USE THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE!
THIS IS THE FIRST TIME I HAVE VISITED ENGLAND.
THIS IS THE SECOND TIME I HAVE EATEN DARK CHOCOLATE.
The company ________________________ (not upgrade) the
computers since 2008.
The company _________________(relocate) last year but no
one likes the new office.
There ________________________(be) a boom in office rents
in the last six months.
The government _________________________(deregulate) the
insurance industry in the middle of last year.
The company _______________________________ (downsize)
the workforce six months ago and now there aren’t enough staff
to do all the work.
Sales of the new product ___________________________
(make great strides = improve) in the last two months, but it is
still losing money.
How long ----------------------------------- (you, be) losing money?
VOCABULARY
EXERCISE
1C 2A 3C 4A
5C
6B
7C
8A
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS:
TO BE GIVEN THE GREEN LIGHT
TO FLOG A DEAD HORSE
TO GET HOLD OF
TO GO THROUGH THE ROOF
TO KEEP UP TO DATE
sell ice to Eskimos
to persuade people to go against their best interests or to accept something
unnecessary or preposterous.
That salesman is such a smooth talker, he could sell ice to Eskimos.
sleeping partner
a person who has put money into a business company but who is not actually
involved in running it
Tom found a sleeping partner to invest money in his business.
a dead duck
a plan, an event, etc. that has failed or is certain to fail and that is therefore
not worth discussing
The project was a dead duck from the start due to a lack of funding.
TRANSLATION
EXERCISES
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1. AKO NEMATE DOVOLJNO NOVCA NEMOJTE KUPOVATI
AKCIJE TE KOMPANIJE.
2. ZAŠTITA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE JE JAKO BITNA MODERNIM
KUPCIMA.
3. AKO KAMPANJA BUDE USPJEŠNA, SVI RADNICI DOBIĆE
POVIŠICU.
4. AKO SE BRINETE ZA ŽIVOTNU SREDINU, UČLANITE SE U
NEKU NVO KOJA SE BAVI ZAŠTITOM ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
5. AKO PROFIT OPADNE, MORAĆEMO DA OTPUSTIMO
VELIKI BROJ RADNIKA.
6. ISTRAŽIVANJE TRŽIŠTA JE POKAZALO DA SU MNOGI
KUPCI OČEKUJU OD KOMPANIJA DA SE ODGOVORNO
PONAŠAJU.
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1. IF YOU DON’T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY, DON’T BUY THE
SHARES OF THAT COMPANY.
2. PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
MODERN CONSUMERS.
3. IF THE CAMPAIGN IS SUCCESSFUL, ALL THE WORKERS
WILL GET A RAISE.
4. IF YOU ARE CONCERNED ABOUT THE ENVORONMENT,
JOIN/BECOME A MEMBER OF A NGO WHICH DEALS WITH
THE PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT.
5. IF PROFITS FALL. WE WILL HAVE TO FIRE A LARGE
NUMBER OF WORKERS.
6. MARKET RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT MANY
CONSUMERS EXPECT THE COMPANIES TO BEHAVE
RESPONSIBLY.
I TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
Kompanije tvrde da ne koriste dječju radnu snagu i ne zagađuju
okolinu.
The company should pay suppliers on time and it should train all
its employees.
If your profits fall the shareholders' dividend will decrease as well.
Naše cijene mogu pasti ukoliko naše stalne mušterije izgube
povjerenje. Mislim da treba da taj problem ozbiljno da shvatimo.
Ukoliko kompanija sprovodi neodgovorne marketing strategije,
potrošači neće kupovati njene proizvode.
If a company delays payments, what will be the consequences
and who will make it up to our customers?
The Late Payment of Debt Bill will soon become law and small
businesses will be able to charge interest to larger businesses
that pay late.
The creditor will be able to charge interest at 8% over the base
rate prescribed by the Central Bank.
Montenegrins settle their invoices in 30 days and creditors do not
have to impose interest.
Moramo proširiti svijest o posljedicima kasnog plaćanja ili ćemo
postati žrtve neodgovornih dužnika.
Naming and shaming exercise might have more impact than the
legislation itself.
Prije 18 mjeseci dugovali su nam 60 000 evra, a danas svi plaćaju
fakture na vrijeme i nema više taktika izbjegavanja.
I have a serious cash-flow problem because I am owed a lot of
money.
Nisam imao namjeru da Vam previše naplatim, postajala je greška
u fakturi.
Veliki broj kompanija pomogao nam je da sakupimo novac za
nove poslovne prostorije.
Mnoge kompanije izbjegavaju da daju detalje o svojim poslovnim
aktivnostima i zaradama radnika.
Ova kompanija je uspješna jer dostavlja jako kvalitetne prozvode
po niskim cijenama.
Proširili smo posao otkad nam se on pridružio jer nas je naučio
kako da budemo konkurentni.
Profit je porastao u poslednje dvije godine i troškovi proizvodnje
su smanjeni otkad smo se spojili sa njima.
Udio na tržištu se drastično povećao u poslednje vrijeme a prošle
godine smo otvorili nov fabriku u Aziji.
Japan is the most competitive soft drinks market as there a lot of
soft drinks manufacturers there.
The Coca Cola company has floated 49% of its shares on the
London stock exchange and has retained 51% of the shares.
Naše istraživanje je pokazalo da je istočna Evropa tržište koje se
najbrže širi i u kome skoro da nema konkurencije.
They are fighting to gain supremacy and defeat competitors in the
market by lowering prices.
They gave a company a leg up to help it retain its lead in the
competitive field of soft drinks.
The business is booming even though the competition is trying to
outplay us by playing dirty.