Transcript Revision 202

Revision 202
The environment
• What do you think these words mean?
Drought ---flood
Save - waste
Ex 1 and 3 page 70.
oil spill
Global warming
ozone layer
pollution
Nuclear disaster
Be going to
• We use it to talk about plans, intentions and predictitions about the future.
• I’m going to travel to the Bahamas this summer.
• She is very clever, she’s going to pass the exam.
Be going to
• We use it to talk about plans, intentions and predictitions about the future.
• I’m going to travel to the Bahamas this summer.
• She is very clever, she’s going to pass the exam.
Will / won’t
• We use it to make general predictions about the future and a decision which
is made at the moment of speaking. We often use: think, hope, expect,
imagine...
• I don’t think Trump will win the election.
• It’s very hot, I’ll open the window.
• We also use it to talk about “an objective truth”.
• It’s my birthday next week, I’ll be 14.
Definitely, probably, perhaps, it’s possible that
• Definitely and probably  after will / before won’t
• I will definitely finish my homework tomorrow.
• She probably won’t move houses, she’s happy in her neighbourhood.
May and might
• Used in predictions when we are not sure about something.
• Subject + may/ might + verb
Temperatures might get higher.
We may not be able to take the metro, workers are on strike.
0 conditional
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We use it to talk about situations that are always or generally true
If + present simple, present simple
If you put water below 0, it freezes.
Present simple  rutines and habits
+ 3rd person  S
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don’t + v
doesn’t + v
? Do + subj + v?
? Does + subj + v?
First conditional
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We use it to talk about possible and probable situations and its consequences.
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IF + PRESENT SIMPLE , WILL / WON’T + VERB
If she feels better, she’ll leave the hospital.
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WILL / WON’T + VERB IF + PRESENT SIMPLE
She’ll leave the hospital if she feels better.
Rememeber!
• We use the passive when we are more interested in the action than in the
people who do the action.
• We do not know exactly who does the action.
• It is obvious who did the action.
PASSIVE: Structure
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In an active sentences you have: SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
JK Rowling wrote Harry Potter.
PAST SIMPLE
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To change an active sentence in a passive sentence we change the order:
COMPLEMENT + VERB + (BY + SUBJECT)
Harry Potter was written by JKRowling.
STRUCTURE
You need the verb to be in the tense of the active sentence + the participle of the
verb.
BY
• You cannot say by I or by we.
• After by you need object pronouns
• Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them.
PASSIVE:
PRESENT SIMPLE
 BMW make the new mini.
The new mini is made by BMW.
 Sometimes they find gold in this river.
Sometimes gold is found in this river.
 They don’t grow tea in Britain.
Tea isn’t grown in Britain.
Each sentence contains a mistake. Find it and
rewrite the sentence correctly.
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The Song Jingle Bells is sang at Christmas in Britain.
The city of Florence is visited for hundreds of people every day.
Tennis played by two or four players.
Many products made in China nowadays.
More manga comics are drawing in Japan than in any other country.
That book is wrote by a famous novelist.
Sometimes spectacular eclipses is seen in this part of the world.
More ice creams eaten in the summer than in the winter.
Passive: other tenses.
Complete the sentences with the correct passive
form of the verbs given.
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That cartoon__________ (Create) in 1985.
Listen! That song_______ (sing) in Japanese.
That film _________( see) for the first time in 1919.
The pictures _________ ( draw ) in prehistoric times.
The criminal __________ (follow) by the Police right now.
The first cheap cars _______ (produce) nearly 100 years ago in the USA.
Look! The window __________ (break) by the wind.
Second conditional
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IMPOSSIBLE OR IMPROBABLE THINGS
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IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD/ WOULDN’T+ VERB
If I had a million dollars I would buy a Ferrari.
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WOULD/WOULDN’T + VERB IF + PAST SIMPLE
I would buy a Ferrari if I had a million dollars.
modals
• Must and have to  obligation
• You must wear a helmet to ride a motorbike
• Should / shouldn’t  advice
• You shouldn’t speak while the teacher is speaking, you should be listening.
• Prohibition  mustn’t
• You mustn’t enter a museum without paying the ticket first.
• NOT NECESSARY / OPTIONAL
• You don’t have to wear uniform to come to CIC
• She doesn’t have to wear uniform to come to CIC
Past perfect
PRESENT
PAST PERFECT
Past simple
WE USE THE PAST PERFECT TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTIVITY IN THE PAST WHICH HAPPENED BEFORE
ANOTHER ACTIVITY IN THE PAST, SO THE PAST SIMPLE IS MORE CLOSE TO THE PRESENT THAN THE PAST
PERFECT.
STRUCTURE: SUBJECT + HAD / HADN’T + PARTICIPLE
EX. JANE AUSTEN HAD WRITTEN MANY BOOKS BEFORE SHE BECAME FAMOUS.
DID SHE BECAME FAMOUS FIRST? OR DID SHE WRITE MANY BOOKS FIRST?
FIRST SHE WROTE THE BOOKS, AND LATER SHE BECAME FAMOUS.
GERUNDS
• AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE : smoking is bad for you
• AFTER PREPOSITIONS: I’m good at playing the guitar
• AFTER VERBS OF LIKE/ DISLIKE: I enjoy running.
• Go + sport: I go climbing twice a month
Infinitives
• To explain why something is done: I did the exercise to practice for the exam.
• After adjectives: I got early to go to the beach.
• After verbs like want, learn, agree, decided, hope, expect, try, would like...:
• I would like to visit NY.
REPORTED SPEECH
Present simple
Present continuous
Past simple
Present perfect
Will
Can
May
Must / have to
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect
would
Could
Might
Had to
This
Here
Today
Yesterday
Tomorrow
That
There
That day
The day before
The next / following day
Tonight
Next (week, month,
year)
Last (week, month,
year)
A (week, month, year)
ago
That night
The following (week,
month, year)
The previous (week,
month, year)
A (week, month, year)
before
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Examples:
Present simple – Past simple
+ “I am tired” MY MUM SAID  My mum said that she was tired.
WILL – WOULD
• I will buy a present for my best friend” said Theresa.
• Theresa said she would buy a present for her best friend.
• Past simple- past perfect
• “I went to church on Sunday” Pablo said.
• Pablo said he had gone to church on Sunday.
SAY AND TELL
• Say or tell?
• tell somebody something
• say something
• Example:
• • He told me that he was going to come to the party.
• • He said that he was going to come to the party.