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THE
PHRASE
A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single
part of speech and does not contain a verb and its subject.
has been sitting (no subject, only verb)
about you and me (prepositional phrase)
PRACTICE
Phrase or not?
1. was hoping
2. if she really knows
3. with Alice and me
4. will be writing
5. inside the house
6. since Donna wrote
7. after they leave
8. has been cleaned
9. on Lotte’s desk
10. as the plane lands
PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES
A prepositional phrase is a group of words beginning with a
preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun.
Instead of a picnic
Behind our house
Under the sea
THE ADJECTIVE
PHRASE
Prepositional phrases are used in sentences mainly as
adjectives and adverbs (telling more about the subject or
verb). Prepositional phrases used as adjectives are called
Adjective Phrases.
The members of the club want sweatshirts with the club
emblem.
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
The horse with the white blaze on its face broke loose.
The bottle of vitamins on the shelf is mine.
You try:
We bought a new porch swing.
The St. Louis arch is a well-known landmark.
We need to get a new dog chain.
THE ADVERB PHRASE
When a prepositional phrase is used as an adverb to tell
when, where, how, how much, or how far, it is called an
Adverb Phrase. Also, this prep. Phrase will tell more about
the verb.
She sailed across the lake.
During summers, my older sister works at the museum.
THE ADVERB PHRASE
She sailed across the lake.
Mother is good at tennis but better at volleyball.
You Try: Identify the adverb phrase and the words they
modify:
In the morning, my friends and I drove to Lincoln Park.
Later in the day, we walked around the park.
This monument shows humanity as it marches through time.
DIAGRAMMING PREP
PHRASES
The prep phrase is placed on a slanted line leading down
from the word that the phrase modifies:
By chance, a peasant uncovered a wall of ancient Pompeii.
VERBALS AND
VERBAL PHRASES
Forms of verbs that are used as other parts of speech—will
not be the main verb.
3 types:
Participles
Gerunds
Infinitives
THE PARTICIPLE
Part verb, part adjective
Twirling their canes, the dancers tapped across the stage.
The pouring rain drove us inside.
A peeled and sliced cucumber can be added to a garden salad.
The speaker, known for her eloquent speeches, drew applause
from the audience.
Present Participles: infinitive+ing=twirl+ing=twirling
Past Participles: infinitive+ed/d=twirl+ed=twirled
THE PARTICIPLE
Take out a sheet of loose-leaf paper and number 1-10. Open
your grammar book to page 99 and begin exercise 6. We will
grade it in class.
THE PARTICIPIAL
PHRASE
A participle may be modified by an adverb or prep phrase,
and it may have a complement. This forms a participial
phrase.
Switching its tail, the panther paced.
She heard me sighing loudly.
Living in Nebraska, he learned to respect blizzards.
PARTICIPIAL
PHRASES
With a partner complete one of the story prompts. Use
participial phrases to enrich your story. Be sure to include
an interesting climax!
Dropping like a stone, the unconscious boxer hit the mat
hard.
The car, gaining speed on the straightaway, fought hard for
the lead in the race.
The politician stepped to the podium, clearing his throat and
unfolding his speech.
Tip-toeing carefully, the girl peered around the corner at her
enemy.
PARTICIPIAL
PHRASES
Identify the participial phrase. Be sure to include all parts of
the phrase in your answer.
1. Stating her objections, the lawyer defended the
perpetrator.
2. Excusing me from the desk, the teacher enlightened my
insights on my project.
3. She fell off her stool laughing at my funny joke.
4. She knew she was destined to achieve fame.
5. Quickly grabbing the keys, I dashed for the door.
GERUNDS
A verb form ending in –ing used as a noun.
Singing is fun.
Their favorite exercise is running.
Shelly likes swimming.
Get special shoes for jogging.
The loud ringing of my alarm wakes me every morning.
Floating lazily in the pool is my favorite summer pastime.
By studying, you can improve your grades.
Yelling violates basic rules of courtesy.
Yvette’s favorite sport is boating.
Yesterday, Mrs. Jacobs was discussing flying.
GERUND PHRASE
Consists of a gerund together with its complements and
modifiers, all of which act together as a noun.
The gentle pattering of the rain was the only sound.
I feared skiing rapidly down the mountain.
His job is giving customers their menus.
Evelyn Ashford won the gold medal for running the hundredmeter dash.
INFINITIVES
Verb form, usually following the word to that can be used as
a noun, adjective, or adverb.
To love is to care.
The place to visit is Williamsburg.
Sabina Miller jumped to shoot.
INFINITIVE PHRASE
Consists of the infinitive together with its complements and
modifiers.
To proofread your writing carefully is important.
They wanted to vacation in New York.
She is the player to watch in the next game.
We are eager to finish this project.
She wanted to join the chorus.
I’m going to the pond to fish.
After our long vacation, we need to get back in training.
ACTIVITY
Example:
Use writing as the subject of the sentence. Include an
adjective modifying the gerund.
“Clear writing is an essential communications skill.”
--in your group, follow the directions on each slip. I will
assign you to specific numbers and groups.
--follow the directions on each numbered slip. Be sure to
replace the slip after the five minutes is up.
--follow the numbers sequentially—if you start at 5, your next
stop should be 6.