Transcript Sentence - Mr. Bulgrien`s Class

The Parts of a Sentence
512-520
Sentence or Fragment?
 A sentence is a word group that contains a subject
and a verb and that expresses a COMPLETE
THOUGHT.
 A thought is complete when it MAKES SENSE on its
own.
Examples of Sentences
 That DORK left his Jersey Shore DVDs at his crib.
 For how many years was CLARENCE in jail?
 What extraordinary COURAGE it takes for a man
to get married!
 Wait!

[The subject of this last one is understood to be YOU.]
Sentence Fragments
 A sentence fragment is a word or group of words that
MAY BE capitalized and punctuated as a sentence…
 but does not contain BOTH a subject AND a verb OR
does not express a complete thought.
Sentence Fragment Examples
 Fragment:
Athletes representing 8 schools.
 Sentence: Athletes representing 8 schools competed
in the event.
 Fragment or Sentence? Between the towering
mountain ridge and the wide ocean only a few miles
away.
Exercise 1 (514)
 01. I would like …
 02. The town is…
 03. They have been…
 04. He is…
 05. C
 06. C
 07. The movie was better…
 08. C
 09. …children were…
 10. C
The Subject and Predicate
 Sentences consist of two basic parts: subjects and
predicates.
 The subject tells WHOM or WHAT the sentence is
about.
 The predicate tells SOMETHING ABOUT the
subject.
 Note: 1) the sub. or pred. may be ONE WORD or
more, and 2) the sub. may appear before, after or
BETWEEN PARTS of the pred.
Subject/Predicate Examples
 Everyone || watched The 13th Warrior.

S.
P.
 Throughout the day, || Joe || robbed six banks.

P.
S.
P.
Simple/Complex Subject
 Simple Subject = main word (or word group) that
tells WHOM or WHAT the sentence is about.

The coach of our curling team was arrested for robbing a
bank.
 Complete Subject = the simple subject + any words
(or word groups) used to modify the simple
subject.

The coach of our curling team was arrested for robbing a
bank.
More simple/complex subject examples
 Simple: Many scenes in the movie were violent.
 Complex: Many scenes in the movie were violent.
 Simple: The Burger King in Hanover burned
down.
 Complex: The Burger King in Hanover burned
down.

Note: Burger King is a simple subject – 2 words, but one
thing.
Simple/Complex Predicate
 Simple Predicate (VERB) = main word (or word
group) that tells something about the subject.

The coach of our curling team was arrested for robbing a
bank.
 Complete Predicate = verb and all the words used
to modify the verb and COMPLETE its meaning.

The coach of our curling team was arrested for robbing a
bank.
More simple/complex predicate examples
 Simple: Have you tried platypus meat?
 Complex: Have you tried platypus meat?
 Simple: They chased me after the robbery.
 Complex: They chased me after the robbery.
Compound Subject
 Compound Subject = 2+ subjects that are joined by a
conjunction and that have the SAME VERB.
 Hanover and Horton are two small towns.
 New York, Detroit, Philadelphia, or Arizona will
win the World Series.

Note: these are not separate sentences.
Compound Verb
 Compound Verb = 2+ verbs that are joined by a
conjunction and that have the SAME SUBJECT.
 We robbed a bank and stashed the money in our
backyard.
 They stole my identity, took my car and skipped the
country.

Note: these are not separate sentences.
Difference between compound sub/verb and
compound sentence.
 Compound Sentence = 2+ independent clauses
(these ARE separate sentences)
 CMPD VRB: Joe and I like baseball but hate hockey.
 CMPD SNT: Joe and I like baseball, but we hate
hockey.

Note: cmpd snts need a COMMA and a CONJUNCTION to join
them.
How to find the subject of a sentence
 Easiest way: find the verb, then ask WHO? or
WHAT? in front of it.
 The cat in the hat stole my car.

What stole my car? The cat.
 In their eyes shone happiness.
 What shone? Happiness shone.
Subjects in commands/requests
 The subject of a command or request is always
understood to be YOU, although it may not appear in
the sentence.
 [You] Read your book and turn your homework in on
time.
 Get up off my grill!
Subjects are never in prepositional phrases
 Never.
 Never.
 A group of students from the high school were in
the parade.
 A group [of students] [from the high school] were
in the parade.
 Out of the stillness came the loud sound of
laughter.
 [Out of the stillness] came the loud sound [of
laughter].
Subjects in questions
 The subject in a question usually FOLLOWS the verb
or part of the verb.
 Did you cut my car in half again?
 When were you inside the Bermuda Triangle?
Here/There/Where – never subjects
 They are adverbs. (They tell or ask where.)
 Here is the money I stole.
 What is here? The money is here.
 There they are!
 What are there? They are there.
 Where’s my money, Brian!?
 What’s where? My money is where?
Exercise 2 (519)
 01. men, women, children LIVED
 02. position GAVE
 03. anyone DID REFUSE
 04. group WAS
 05. people FLED
 06. they COULD TRAIN
 07. lessons WERE TAUGHT
 08. ninja SNEAKED, STRUCK
 09. warriors GAINED, WERE FEARED
 10. [you] HAND
The Parts of a Sentence Pt. 2
(Complements)
520-527
Complements
 Quite often we need more than just a subject and a
verb for a COMPLETE THOUGHT.
 They sent.
 They sent us a fruitcake.
 The students seem.
 The students seem well educated.
The Direct Object
 Direct Object (DO) = Noun or Pronoun that
receives the action of an action verb.
 To find the DO, ask “WHOM?” or “WHAT?” after a
transitive verb.
 If there’s an answer, it’s the direct object. (There
isn’t always a DO.)
 I forgot my homework.

“I forgot what?” I forgot my homework.
 The dog bit Joe and me, and we got rabies.
 “The dog bit whom?” The dog bit Joe and me.
 “We got what?” We got rabies.
 Come up with a couple sentences of your own that
have direct objects in them.
The Indirect Object
 The Indirect Object (IO) appears BEFORE the DO
and receives the DO.
 To whom / to what (for whom / for what)
 Mr. Bulgrien showed our class the movie.
He showed what? The movie (DO)
 He showed it to whom? Our class (IO)

 Give me my money!
 Give what? The money (DO)
 Give it to whom? Me (IO)
 Tell Joe and me the truth. IO: ____________
Indirect Object – important note
 Don’t confuse an indirect object (IO) with an object
of a preposition (OP)
 If it says “to ___” or “for ___” then it’s an OP.
 Give me all of your money.

IO
 Give all of your money to me.
 OP
 Come up with a couple sentences of your own that
have indirect objects in them.
 Note: they’ll have to have direct objects in them as
well.
The Objective Complement
 Objective Complement (OC) = word or word group
that IDENTIFIES or modifies the DO.
 The seniors elected Irving president.


They elected whom? Irving (DO)
See how “president” identifies the DO? “President” is an OC.
More Objective Complements
 Only a few verbs can have OCs. Just “consider”
and “make” and other verbs that can be
REPLACED by “consider” and “make.”
 They call him their boss.
They [consider] him their boss.
 They consider whom? Him (DO) = identified: their boss
(OC)

 Paint my room red.
 [Make] my room red.
 Make what? My room (DO) = modified: red (OC) room.
 Come up with a couple sentences of your own that
have objective complements in them.
 Note: they’ll have to have direct objects in them as
well.
Exercise 3 (524)
 01. appeal DO
 02. tons DO
 03. homes DO
 04. meal DO; special OC
 05. candles DO
 06. hobbyists IO; pastime DO
 07. you IO; steps DO
 08. candles IO; scent DO
 09. wax DO; colors OC
 10. mine DO; blue & white OC
The Subject Complement
 Subject Complement (SC) = word or word group in
the predicate that identifies or describes the subject.
It is linked to the subject by a LINKING VERB.
 Two types of SCs:
 Predicate Nominative (PN)
 Predicate Adjective (PA)
PN examples
 Subjects in bold || PNs underlined
 You are students.
 “students” is linked to subject, identifies it
 Of all the dancers, Marcelo was the most
experienced one.

Pronoun “one” linked to/identifies subject
 Some day Joe will be a criminal.
 The two candidates for class treasurer are Iriving
and I.
Predicate Nominative (PN)
 A predicate nominative is a word or word group in
the predicate that identifies the SUBJECT or refers
to it. They can be NOUNS, pronouns or a group of
words that function as a NOUN.
 PNs are linked to the subject by a LINKING verb.
remember the linking verbs:
 am, is, ARE, was, WERE, BE, being, been
 and any verbs that make sense when replaced by the
ABOVE verbs.

 Come up with a couple sentences of your own that
have predicate nominatives in them.
 Note: they’ll have to have linking verbs.
Predicate Adjective (PA)
 A predicate Adjective is an adjective in the predicate
that modifies the SUBJECT or refers to it.
 PAs are linked to the subject by a LINKING verb.
 Not sure if it’s a PA? Try putting it right in front of
the subject. Does it modify it?
PA examples
 Subjects in bold || PAs underlined
 The ocean is calm.
 calm ocean – so it’s an ADJ.
 Does that year-old milk taste good?
 That car didn’t look phat.
 Most freshmen are noisy, creepy and annoying.
 Come up with a couple sentences of your own that
have predicate adjectives in them.
 Note: they’ll have to have linking verbs.
One more note about PN/PA
 For emphasis, sometimes we place these before the
subject and verb.
 PN: What an outstanding teacher Mr. Flint was!
 PA: I was shocked at how talented she is!
 Mnemonic devices worksheet
Exercise 4 (526)
 01. IS species (PN)
 02. FEEL concerned (PA)
 03. WAS discoverer (PN)
 04. IS author (PN)
 05. SOUNDED beautiful (PA)
 06. GREW restless (PA)
 07. WAS active (PA)
 08. IS icy (PA)
 09. DOES TASTE spicy (PA)
 10. IS work (PN)
Review A (526)
 01. Both … cooking
 02. have … preparation
 03. me
 04. developed
 05. favorites
 06. traces
 07. is, was born
 08. thick, spicy
 09. lobsters
 10. morsels
The Pts of Sentences Pt.
3(Classification of Sentences)
527-533
We classify sentences according to purpose
 There are four types of sentences:
 Declarative
 Interrogative
 Imperative
 Exclamatory
Declarative
 Makes a STATEMENT
 Ends in a PERIOD
 “I’m planning to cut his car in half again.”
 “My dog would make a good platypus hunter.”
Interrogative
 Asks a QUESTION
 Ends with a QUESTION mark
 “Pardon me, but do you have any Grey Poupon?”
 “What is your favorite color?”
Imperative
 Makes a request or gives a COMMAND
 Most imperative sentences end with a PERIOD, but
strong commands end with an EXCLAMATION
POINT
 The subject of an imperative sentence is always
“YOU.”
 “Hand me my platypus rifle.”
 “Shut your noise hole!”
Exclamatory
 Shows excitement or expresses STRONG FEELING
 Ends with an EXCLAMATION POINT
 “Oh, snap! You got burned, Dawg!”
 “Wow! What a hottie!”