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VERBS
What is a verb?
a. A word which expresses an action; tells
what is being done to, by, or for the
subject
b. A word which expresses state of being
(existence)
Aka: Action words
4 Basic Forms
1.
2.
3.
4.
Base form
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
Example
Base form
Present
Participle
Past
To run
[is] running Ran
Past
Participle
[have] ran
What have you noticed?
•
•
•
•
Base form=original form
Present participle=NOW (is + -ing)
Past= Before NOW (base form + -d, -ed)
Past participle= (helping verb + -d, -ed)
Regular Verbs
• Forms the past & past participle by adding –d or
–ed to the end of the original form
Past= add –d or –ed
Past participle= have/had + add –d or –ed
NOTE: some regular verbs end in –t
Irregular Verbs
• Forms past & past participle differently
than regular verbs
• These are tricky & unpredictable!!!
Irregular verbs change in the
following ways:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Changing consonants
Changing vowels
Changing vowels & consonants
Making no change
Just Plain Trouble..
1. lie = to rest or recline (always
intransitive; has no direct object. Ex: lie on
the floor)
Lie → lay → lain
2. lay = put or place something (always
transitive; has a direct object. Ex: will lay
carpet in room)
Lay → laid → laid
Just plain trouble continued…
3. Sit = have or keep; (always intransitive;
ex: I sit at that desk.)
Sit → sat → sat
4. Set = place or fix in position (always
intransitive; ex: you set the lamp on the
table.)
Set → set → set
MORE…
5. Rise = to ascend (to go up); (always
intransitive; ex: the smoke rose into the
sky.)
Rise → rose → risen
6. Raise = to lift (transitive); ex.: John raised the
window.
Raise → raised → raised
MORE…
7. Let = to permit or allow; Ex: Please let me out.
Let → let → let
8. Leave = abandon; depart from
Leave → left → left
9. Borrow = obtain from another intent or return
borrow → borrowed → borrowed
MORE…
10. Lend = to let another erson have or use
something for a time
lend → lent → lent
• Teach = to give instruction
Teach → taught → taught
• Bring = come with some person/ thing from
another place
bring → brought → brought
• Take = to go with a person/ thing to
another place
Take → took → taken
What is tense?
• The time of an action or state of being
expressed by the action\
• 6 tenses:
Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
The three main tenses are…
• Present
• Past
• Future
1.) Present tense
• An action that is occurring NOW!!!
EX: I run
FUTURE= helping verb + present
EX: I will run
2.) Past tense
• An action that occurred before the present
• Before NOW!!!
EX: I ate last night.
3.) Future tense
• An action that WILL happen in the future
EX: I will run today.
Compound tenses
• Present perfect tense
• Past perfect tense
• Future perfect tense
4.) Present perfect tense
• An action completed or perfected in
present time.
EX: She has talked to him.
Formula: has + verb in past tense=present
perfect
5.) Past Perfect
• An action which finished BEFORE a past
action
EX: I had ridden by bike four miles before I
fell off.
Formula: Had + verb in past= past perfect
6.) Future Perfect
• An action will be started AND finished in
the future
EX: I will have talked four hours to the girls
before I am finished.
Formula: shall/will + have + past perfect=
future perfect
Future perfect continued…
• Shall → 1st person
• Will → 2nd & 3rd person
Progressive Form
• Each tense has a progressive form
• Expresses continuing action or state of
being
• Look at chart on p. 190 for different forms
Homework
• Complete Exercises 11 & 12
Consistency of Tense
• Be consistent when using verbs
1. If you are talking about events occurring
at the same time, then keep verbs in the
same tense
2. If you are describing events that occur at
different times, then use verbs of
different tenses
3. Complete exercise 13
Helping (auxiliary) verbs
• Comes before a main verb & expresses an attitude toward the
action
• Common auxiliary verbs:
Can, could
May
Must
Might
Ought
Will, shall
Should
would
Complete exercise 14
Active/Passive Voice
• Action= subject of verb performs the action
Ex: Gym Meet brings a class together.
• Passive= subject of verb receives the
action
Ex: Gym Meet was ruined by parents
rioting.
When to use passive voice
• When emphasizing the receiver of the
action.
• When you do not know, or do not want to
reveal the performer of the action
Complete exercises 15 & Review C
Indicative mood
• Used to state a fact, deny a fact, or ask a
question.
• Create your own examples. Provide 5
sentences and state why each sentence is
part of the indicative mood.
Imperative Mood
• Used to express a direct command or
request
• Example: Be silent!
Take out your notebooks!
Please write neatly on the test.
Subjunctive mood
• Used to express a suggestion, a
necessity, a condition contrary to fact, or a
wish.
• Examples: I wish I was taller.
It is necessary to watch the O.C. on
Thursday nights.
Complete exercise 17
Complete the Chapter Review A, B,
C, D, & E on pp. 206-208
GREAT JOB COMPLETING
THIS UNIT!!!!