Transcript document

Causatives
There are two basic causative
structures. One is like an active,
and the other is like a passive.
I had John fix the
car.
(I arranged for the car to be
fixed by John -- I caused him to
fix it.)
I had the car fixed
(I arranged for the car to be
fixed by someone – we do not
know who but this is like a
passive.)
THE ACTIVE CAUSATIVE
STRUCTURE
Subject
Causative verb
Agent
Action verb
Object
Susan
had
her brother
do
her homework.
The police
had
the suspect
stop
his car.
We
had
the carpenter
fix
our window.
The passive causative structure
Subject
Causative verb
Object
Action verb
We
had
our door
fixed.
Yukiko
had
her hair
cut.
Sanjay
had
the windows
cleaned.
Other causative verbs
Verb
Meaning
Form of Action Verb
Examples
make
force, compel
plain form
The robbers made us lie on the floor.
[No passive form]
get
same as "have"
"to" form
I got Jae Won to pick me up in the car.
She got her hair cut.
let
allow
plain form
I'll let you borrow my bike.
[No passive form]
EXERCISE
MY HOUSE IS A MESS
I think my carpenter should
fix my door (I will … )
I think the cleaner should
wash my windows
I think the gardener should
wash my grass
I think the builder should fix my roof
I think the plumber should mend my
tap
2. My car is a mess
MY CAR IS A MESS
The tires need replacing.
I'll ………………………………………..
tomorrow.
The oil needs changing.
The ashtrays need emptying.
The engine needs tuning up.
The brakes need fixing.
The gas tank needs filling.