Transcript bYTEBoss conditionals1

Conditionals
Gabriel Roberts
ELTC
• Aim - To enable students to use
conditional ‘if’ clauses more effectively
• Objectives - TSSBAT:Recognise the
relationship between verb tenses and their
uses in conjunction with the four types of
‘if’ clauses
• Use the conditional ‘if’ clauses correctly
‘Condition’ means situation - the way that things are, will
be or may be.
Conditional sentences are often called ‘if clauses’ and
they tell us about a possible outcome (result) based on a
condition.
There are four main types of conditional sentences,
zero, first, second and third conditional.
Zero Conditional
This structure is used when we want to talk about a
general truth, something that is 100% certain.
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
This statement is accepted to be true; it is a fact. Notice
that there are two verbs in this sentence ‘heat’ and ‘boils’
and that they are separated by a comma.
It is also important to notice how they are both in the
present simple tense because this tense is the one that
we use when we are talking about a general truth e.g.
France is in Europe.
Task 1
Put the verbs from the box in the correct form in the
sentences below.
melt feel
go
get
press
not sleep
stay die
start
not eat read
rain
1. If I ………at night, I ………a book.
2. If he ……… ill, he ……… to the doctor.
3. If it ………, we ……… at home.
4. If you ………, you ……….
5. If chocolates ……… too hot, they ……….
6. If you ……… ‘play’, the film ……….
It is also possible to put the ‘if’ part of the sentence in the
middle.
Be aware of any lexical (word) changes that may be
necessary.
Water boils if you heat it to 100°C.
Task 2
Rewrite the sentences from task 1 with ‘if’ in the middle.
1.I read a book if I don’t sleep at night.
2.He goes to the doctor if he feels ill.
3.We stay at home if it rains.
4.You die if you don’t eat.
5.Chocolates melt if they get too hot.
6.The film starts if you press ‘play’.
First Conditional
This talks about things that probably will happen but are
not as certain as the zero conditional.
If I finish my homework, I will meet you.
Here the speaker is not certain that they will finish their
homework BUT if they do, they will meet the listener.
In the ‘if’ part of the sentence, the verb is in the present
simple but the other verb is written with a modal
auxiliary verb because they tell us about the
probability of the main verb.
Task 3
Decide which of these sentences are correct; change the
ones that are not.
1. If he goes, he won’t come back.
2. If you will study more, you learn quickly.
3. If we will score one more goal, we will win the match.
4. If I feel better, I will let you know.
5. If she’ll listen to you, she’d understand.
6. If you try, you may pass the exam.
Task 4
Rewrite the sentences from task 3 with ‘if’ in the middle.
1. He won’t come back if he goes.
2. You’ll learn quickly if you study more.
3. We’ll win the match if we score one more goal.
4. I’ll let you know if I feel better.
5. She’ll understand if she listens to you.
6. You may pass the exam if you try.
Second conditional
This conditional really is more like a dream and not likely
to happen.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.
The chances of winning the lottery are very small,
especially if you don’t buy a ticket.
Notice that the verb in the ‘if’ part of the sentence is now
in the past simple and the main verb is used with a
modal auxiliary verb.
Task 5
Correct these sentences to make them into unlikely
situations in the second conditional.
1. If I am you, I read more.
2. If he is clever, he buys them all.
3. If Wales beat England at football, I am amazed.
4. If I am a girl, I wear a lovely dress.
5. If you are here, we go to the beach together.
6. If Charles and Elizabeth aren’t brother and sister, they
like each other more.
Task 6
Rewrite the sentences from task 5 with ‘if’ in the middle.
1. I’d read more If I was/were you.
2. He’d buy them all if he was clever.
3. I’d be amazed if Wales beat England at football.
4. I’d wear a lovely dress if I was/were a girl.
5. We’d go to the beach together if we were together.
6. Charles and Elizabeth would like each other more if they
weren’t brother and sister.
Third Conditional
An impossible situation in the past.
If I knew about your visit, I would have prepared dinner.
Clearly we can’t change the past; this conditional
expresses regret (sadness about the past) and an
impossible alternative (different) result.
Now the verb in the ‘if’ part of the sentence is in the past
simple and the main verb is used with the modal
auxiliary verb in the past - as these can be
complicated, here is a list.
Present
Must
Will / Shall
Should / Ought to
May / Might
Could
Can
Would
Wouldn’t
Can’t
Couldn’t
May not / Mightn’t
Shouldn’t / Ought not to
Won’t / Shalln’t
Mustn’t
Past
Had to
Would
Should / Ought to have done
May / Might have done
Could have done
Could
Would have done
Wouldn’t have done
Couldn’t
Couldn’t have done
May not / Mightn’t have done
Shouldn’t / Ought not to have done
Wouldn’t
Couldn’t have done
Task 7
Rewrite these sentences by changing the modal auxiliary
verb phrase in italics to the modal auxiliary in the past.
Write your own third conditional sentences for the last
two.
1. If somebody told you, you would go.
2. If I saw her, I would remember.
3. If we didn’t study, we would fail the exam.
4. If they had finished their homework, we would meet
them.
5.
6.
Task 8
Rewrite the sentences from task 7 with ‘if’ in the middle.
1. You would have gone if somebody told you.
2. I would have remembered if I’d seen her.
3. We would have failed the exam if we didn’t study.
4. We would have met them if they had finished their
homework.
5.
6.
Conditionals at a Glance
Zero Conditional - 100% certain.
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
present simple
present simple
First Conditional - probably will happen but are not as certain as the
zero conditional.
If I finish my homework, I will meet you.
present simple
modal auxiliary verb + main verb
Second conditional - not likely
If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.
past simple
modal auxiliary verb + main verb
Third Conditional - impossible situation in the past.
If I knew about your visit, I would have prepared dinner.
past simple
modal auxiliary verb in the past + past participle
• Aim - To enable students to use
conditional ‘if’ clauses more effectively
• Objectives - TSSBAT:Recognise the
relationship between verb tenses and their
uses in conjunction with the four types of
‘if’ clauses
• Use the conditional ‘if’ clauses correctly