Transcript Verbs

Verbs
Present
And Imperfect
Tenses
• Present – happening now
– Translates as any of these:
• Verbs, Is verbing, Does verb
• Imperfect – an unfinished action
– started in the past
– either happened more than once in the past, or it is
still happening in the present
– Translates as any of these
• Verbed, Was verbing, Did verb
Forming the present
•
•
•
•
Take the infinitive (amare = to love)
Drop off the -re (ama = love)
Stick on an ending (amas = you love)
Tricks to remember:
– 3rd conjugation
• Short, little, wimpy -e- changes to an -i-.
• –it goes to –unt in the 3rd person plural
– Regere - regit  regunt
– 3rd –io verbs and 4th conjugation (ONLY verbs ending in
–io in the first person singular!!!!!)
• -io verbs keep the -i- from first person singular in the 3rd
person plural (ghost -i-)
– Capio, capere – capit  capiunt
– Audio, audire – audit  audiunt
Forming the imperfect
•
•
•
•
•
Take the infinitive (amare = to love)
Drop of the –re (ama = love)
Add -ba- (amaba = loved)
Stick on an ending (amabas = you loved)
Tricks:
– -io verbs keep the -i- as part of the stem all the way
through
– If you have -b-, you must have an -e-, unless you have
an -a-. (-i- is not strong enough to hold a b on its own)
• Capio, capere – capiebam
• Audio, audire – audiebam
Amo, amare, amavi, amatus
Present
Imperfect
Amo = I love, I am loving, I do
love
Amas = you love, you are loving,
you do love
Amat = he/she/it loves, is loving,
does love
Amamus = we love, we are loving,
we do love
Amatis = y’all love, y’all are loving,
y’all do love
Amant = they love, they are
loving, they do love
Amabam = I loved, I was loving, I
did love
Amabas = you loved, you were
loving, you did love
Amabat = he/she/it loved, was
loving, did love
Amabamus = we loved, we were
loving, we did love
Amabatis = y’all loved, y’all were
loving, y’all did love
Amabant = they loved, they were
loving, they did love
Teneo, Tenere, tenui, tentus = hold
Present
Imperfect
teneo = I hold, I am holding, I do
hold
tenes = you hold, you are holding,
you do hold
tenet = he/she/it holds, is
holding, does hold
tenemus = we hold, we are
holding, we do hold
tenetis = y’all hold, y’all are
holding, y’all do hold
tenent = they hold, they are
holding, they do hold
tenebam = I held, I was holding, I
did hold
tenebas = you held, you were
holding, you did hold
tenebat = he/she/it held, was
holding, did hold
tenebamus = we held, we were
holding, we did hold
tenebatis = y’all held, y’all were
holding, y’all did hold
tenebant = they held, they were
holding, they did hold
Rego, regere, regi, rectus – rule
Present
Imperfect
rego = I rule, I am ruling, I do rule
regis = you rule, you are ruling,
you do rule
regit = he/she/it rules, is ruling,
does rule
regimus = we rule, we are ruling,
we do rule
regitis = y’all rule, y’all are ruling,
y’all do rule
regunt = they rule, they are
ruling, they do rule
regebam = I ruled, I was ruling, I
did rule
regebas = you ruled, you were
ruling, you did rule
regebat = he/she/it ruled, was
ruling, did rule
regebamus = we ruled, we were
ruling, we did rule
regebatis = y’all ruled, y’all were
ruling, y’all did rule
regebant = they ruled, they were
ruling, they did rule
Capio, capere, cepi, captus capture
Present
Imperfect
capio = I capture, I am capturing, I
do capture
capis = you capture, you are
capturing, you do capture
capit = he/she/it captures, is
capturing, does capture
capimus = we capture, we are
capturing, we do capture
capitis = y’all capture, y’all are
capturing, y’all do capture
capiunt = they capture, they are
capturing, they do capture
capiebam = I captured, I was
capturing, I did capture
capiebas = you captured, you were
capturing, you did capture
capiebat = he/she/it captured, was
capturing, did capture
capiebamus = we captured, we
were capturing, we did capture
capiebatis = y’all captured, y’all
were capturing, y’all did capture
capiebant = they captured, they
were capturing, they did capture
Audio, audire, audivi, auditus hear
Present
Imperfect
audio = I hear, I am hearing, I do
hear
audis = you hear, you are hearing,
you do hear
audit = he/she/it hears, is
hearing, does hear
audimus = we hear, we are
hearing, we do hear
auditis = y’all hear, y’all are
hearing, y’all do hear
audiunt = they hear, they are
hearing, they do hear
audiebam = I heard, I was
hearing, I did hear
audiebas = you heard, you were
hearing, you did hear
audiebat = he/she/it heard, was
hearing, did hear
audiebamus = we heard, we were
hearing, we did hear
audiebatis = y’all heard, y’all were
hearing, y’all did hear
audiebant = they heard, they
were hearing, they did hear
Review: forming the Imperfect
• Infinitive – (-re) + (-ba-) + ending = Imperfect
• EXCEPT
– -io verbs!
• Use –ieba-
• SO
– 1st conjugation –aba– 2nd Conjugation –eba– 3rd conjugation –eba– BE CAREFUL!! When changing back to the present, the –e changes
to an –i!!!! (regebas  regis; legebas  legis; regebam  rego)
– 3rd –io conjugation –ieba– 4th conjugation –ieba-
Imperfect: Irregular verbs!
Present
• Sum- I am
• Es - You are
• Est - He is
• Sumus – we are
• Estis – y’all are
• Sunt – they are
Imperfect
• Eram – I was
• Eras – you were
• Erat – he was
• Eramus – we were
• Eratis – y’all were
• Erant – they were
Imperfect: Irregular verbs!
Present
• Possum- I am able
• Potes - You are able
• Potest - He is able
• possumus – we are able
• Potestis – y’all are able
• Possunt – they are able
Imperfect
• Poteram – I was able
• Poteras – you were able
• Poterat – he was able
• Poteramus – we were able
• Poteratis – y’all were able
• poterant – they were able