Transcript Chapter 14: Punctuation

By: KATIE AND RENEE WOOHOOO♥♥
 Declarative sentences end with a (.) period
 Interrogative sentences end with a (?)
question mark
 Exclamatory sentences end with a (!)
exclamation point
 Imperative sentences end with a (!) if it is
yelled or (.) if it is spoken calmly.
 Initials are punctuated [W.E.B. DuBois]
 Titles used with names [ Mr. Smith, Mrs.
Tickle, Katie Jr.]
 Organizations or companies [ Co., Inc.]
 Addresses [ Ave., Rd.]
 Times [ A.M., P.M.]
Katie and renee
 Commas separate items in a series, even
before the coordinating conjunction.
 Example:
 The baby was happy, playful, and active.
 To pitch in a World Series game, to practice
medicine, and to run for mayor are all things I
would like to do someday.
* Don’t use a comma when there are only two
items in a list.
 Use a comma to separate two or more equal
adjectives that describe a noun.
 Example:
 A white dwarf is a tiny, dense star.
A comma is used because
both tiny and dense describe star
 use commas before coordinating conjunctions in
compound sentences.
 Examples:
 They had been working very hard, but they
didn’t seem especially tired.
 * watch out for compound verbs; they do not need
a comma with the coordinating conjunction
joining them.
 Example: Usually we study in the morning and
play basket ball in the afternoon.
 Use commas to set off expressions that interrupt
sentences. These expressions can be in the beginning,
middle, or end of a sentence.
 Examples:
 Renee, our neighbor, is a fine student.
 Naturally, Katie expects to win.
 My answer is correct, I think.
 Use commas to set off nonessential phrases and
clauses. Nonessential means that the information in the
phrase or clause is not needed to understand the basic
meaning of the sentence.
 Example:
 Renee, thrilled by the applause, took a bow.

The Wizard of Oz, which she saw again last week, is
Katie’s favorite movie.
 My older sister, Renee, will be at basketball practice until
6:00 P.M.
 Use commas to set off words used in direct address.
 Examples:
 Renee, please answer the door bell.
 Would you show me, ma’am, where the marshmallows
are?
 Use commas after introductory words, phrases, and
subordinate clauses.
 Examples:
 Well, I think you’re wrong.
 Greeted with cheering from her fans, Renee took a bow.
 When you go to the store, could you please pick up a
gallon of milk?
 Use commas to separate items in dates and addresses
 Between date and year
 Comma after the year if the sentence continues
 Comma between city and state/ city and country
 Example:
 She was born January 26, 1988, in Cheshire, Connecticut.
 Use a
comma after the greeting of a personal letter and
the closing of any letter
 Examples:
Dear Renee,
Yours Truly, Katie
 A semicolon looks much like a combination of a period
and a comma, and that is just what it is. A semicolon
can separate thoughts much as a period does. A
semicolon can also separate items within a sentence
much as a comma does.
This is a
semicolon

 Use semicolons between independent clauses if they are
not joined by and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet.
 Examples:
 Renee took my suitcase upstairs; she left her own travel
bag in the car.
 After school, Sky went to band practice; then she studied
at the library for an hour.
 Use semicolons to link clauses only if the clauses are
closely related in meaning.
 Incorrect:
 Uncle Ray likes potatoes; Aunt Janie prefers the beach.
 Correct:
 Uncle Ray likes potatoes; Aunt Janie prefers the peas and
carrots.
 Use a semicolon rather than a comma before a
coordinating conjunction to join independent clauses
that contain commas.
 Confusing:
 I wrote Ann, Jenny, and May, and Jean notified Jim,
Sam, and Sue.
 Clear:
 I wrote Ann, Jenny, and May; and Jean notified Jim,
Sam, and Sue.
Semicolons: Rule #4
 Semicolons are also used between items in a series when
items contain commas.
 Examples:
 They visited Phoenix, Arizona; Santa Fe, New Mexico;
and San Antonio, Texas.
 Mr. Schultz, my science teacher; Ms. O’Hara, my
English teacher; and Mrs. Gomez, my math teacher,
attended the seventh-grade picnic.
 Use a colon before a list of items, especially after
expressions such as the following or as follows.
 You will need these items for map work: a ruler, colored
pencils, and tracing paper.
 The primary colors are as follows: red, blue, and yellow.
*****Do not use a colon after a verb or preposition. Omit the
colon or re-word the sentence.
Incorrect: Your heading should contain: your name, the
date, and your period.
Correct: Your heading should contain your name, the date,
and your period.
 Use a colon between the hour and minute in time.
 8:30 a.m.
 10:00 p.m.
 Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter.
 Dear Mrs. Tickle:
 Use a colon between chapter and verse in the Biblical
references and between all titles and subtitles.
 I Chronicles 22: 6-19
 “ Oral Storytelling: Making the Winter Shorter”
STUDY
RULESSSSS
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