Transcript Middle Ages

• 2/13 Focus:
– During the High Middle Ages, many changes
took place in Europe.
The growth of trade brought about new
business practices and bigger towns
• Do Now:
– What was Joan of Arcs contribution to the
Hundred Years War?
– Add Parliament and guilds to the word bank
Test Review
The Early Middle Ages
Causes
The Fall of Rome
Frequent invasions
from barbarians
such as the Vikings
Roman road
networks become
unsafe to travel on
People flee cities to
go live in
countryside
Effects
 Trade declines
 Lack of central government
 People have to become self sufficient
 Knowledge and learning decline
 Development of feudalism and the
manorial system
• During the Early Middle Ages, a
tribe known as the Franks took over
Gaul, today Gaul is modern day
France
• Clovis I, King of the Franks,
Christianity
converted to _____________
and
gained the support of the Church
• Charles Martel stopped the spread of
Islam into Western Europe when he
defeated the Moors at the Battle of
Tours
_________________
Charlemagne
• ____________________
was
crowned Holy Roman Empire by the
pope and was able to establish an
empire that stretched across modern
day France, Germany, and part of Italy
• occurs when there is weak
centralized government and the
protection
people need ______________
land
• King divides __________in
exchange for military service and
loyalty
Nobles
• __________
hold the real power
Power
• _______________
based on the
amount of land owned
• Knights follow a code of conduct known
Chivalry
as __________________
Serfs
• ___________
are bound to the land
• Lords give knights land
• Knights give
– lords loyalty and protection
– give serfs protection and allow to farm land
• Serfs work the land
Economic
• ______________
system that
developed along with Feudalism
• Primary economic activity was
Agriculture
__________________
• Manor was based on the concept of
Self- sufficiency
__________________
Unifying
• served as a _________________
force in Western Europe after the
fall of Rome
Monks
• __________
in monasteries helped
preserve Greek and Roman knowledge
• Popes had spiritual influence over
followers and over time developed
___________
power
secular
• Popes were able to influence political
leaders by threatening to
excommunicate
_________________
rulers who did not
follow the Church
• Popes and rulers often had conflicts over
power in Europe
– Pope Gregory tried to expand power of the
church over rulers
– Investiture Controversy developed over the
right to appoint bishops
• William of Normandy conquers England
Battle of Hastings
at the _______________________in
1066
– Gave lands to Norman supporters;
determines who builds castles and where
– Takes a census of called the
Domesday Book
_____________________in
order to
create an efficient tax system
• King John is forced to sign the
Magna
Carta
________________
–Limited the power of the
King
________________
–King must obey the law
–Magna Carta leads to the
Parliament
formation of the ____________
• Effects:
– Trade increased
– Kings gain more power
– Increased cultural diffusion with the
Muslim world
– Relations between Christian, Jews, and
Muslims became strained
• Horse Collar
• Iron Plow
• Three Field System
Commercial Revolution
Trade
• __________________
increased as a
result of contact with Asia during the
Crusades
Italian city-states dominated trade in
• ______________
southern Europe; Flanders in the north
– Examples: Genoa, Venice; Hanseatic League
Commercial Revolution
• Formation of towns helped weaken
feudalism
________________
• Demand increased for
currency
____________
rather than barter
Commercial Revolution
Banking
• ___________
developed to protect and
invest people’s money
• Skilled workers and merchants formed
guilds
_____________
to set prices and
standards for quality
Art/Architecture/Philosophy/
Literature
• Architecture reflected the
Gothic style
_________________
and use of
__________________
to construct
Flying buttress
much taller buildings and huge stained
glass windows.
Art/Architecture/Philosophy/
Literature
Song of Roland
• ___________________and
Canterbury Tales are examples of
_______________
medieval literature
Thomas Aquinas
• _________________
studied Greek
philosophy; tried to use reason and logic to
support Christian religious beliefs
One Hundred Years War
• War between England and France
• Began over dispute over succession to
the French throne
• Joan of Arc helped turn the tide of the
war for the French
• War showed that Knights were no
longer effective in war
• Contributed to the end of the feudal
system