Transcript Organic Nano-Radio Frequency Identification Devices

The Future of Organic Electronics
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
• Organic electronics, plastic electronics or polymer electronics,
is a branch of electronics that deals with conductive
polymers, plastics, or small molecules. It is called 'organic'
electronics because the polymers and small molecules are
carbon-based, like the molecules of living things. This is as
opposed to traditional electronics (or metal electronics)
which relies on inorganic conductors such as copper or silicon.
FEATURES
Conductive polymers are lighter, more flexible, and less
expensive than inorganic conductors. This makes them a
desirable alternative in many applications. It also creates
the possibility of new applications that would be impossible
using copper or silicon. Organic electronics not only
includes organic semiconductors, but also dielectrics,
conductors and light emitters.
New applications include smart windows and electronic
paper. Conductive polymers are expected to play an
important role in the emerging science of molecular
computers.
Inorganic vs. Organic
• Organic electronics, or plastic electronics, is the branch of
electronics that deals with conductive polymers, which are
carbon based.
• Inorganic electronics, on the other hand, relies on inorganic
conductors like copper or silicon.
Silicon sample
Carbon sample
Benefits and Obstacles
• Organic electronics are lighter, more flexible, and less
expensive than their inorganic counterparts.
• They are also biodegradable (being made from carbon).
• This opens the door to many exciting and advanced new
applications that would be impossible using copper or silicon.
• However, conductive polymers have high resistance and
therefore are not good conductors of electricity.
• In many cases they also have shorter lifetimes and are much
more dependant on stable environment conditions than
inorganic electronics would be.
Cost
Fabrication Cost
Device Size
Material
Required Conditions
Process
Organic Electronic
Silicon
$5 / ft2
$100 / ft2
Low Capital
$1-$10 billion
10 ft x Roll to Roll
< 1m2
Flexible Plastic Substrate
Rigid Glass or Metal
Ambient Processing
Ultra Clean room
Continuous Direct Printing
Multi-step Photolithography
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
• An OLED is a thin film LED in which the emissive layer is an
organic compound.
• When this layer is polymeric (or plastic), OLEDs can be
deposited in rows and columns on a screen using simple
printing methods that are much more efficient than those
used in manufacturing traditional LEDs.
• A key benefit of
OLEDs is that
they don’t need
a backlight to
function.
How it Works
• An electron and hole pair is generated inside the emissive
layer by a cathode and a transparent anode, respectively.
• When the electron
and hole combine,
a photon is
produced, which
will show up as a
dot of light on the
screen.
• Many OLEDs together on a screen make up a picture
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Less expensive to produce
Wide range of colors and viewing angle
Consumes much less energy than traditional LCDs.
Flexible and extremely thin
Limited lifetime of about 1,000 hours.
Susceptible to water
Organic transistors
• INTRODUCTION
Organic transistors are transistors that use organic molecules rather
than silicon for their active material. This active material can be
composed of a wide variety of molecules.
• Advantages of organic transistors:
– Compatibility with plastic substances
– Lower temperature is used while manufacturing (60-120°C)
– Lower cost and deposition processes such as spin-coating, printing
and evaporation
• Disadvantages of organic transistors:
– Lower mobility and switching speeds compared to
Si wafers
– Usually does not operate under invasion mode.
Example of an organic transistor
(on the side)
Organic Thin film
transistors(OTFTS)
• TFTs are transistors created using thin films, usually of silicon
deposited on glass. The deposited silicon must be crystallized using
laser pulses at high temperatures. OTFTs active layers can be
theramlly evaporated and deposited on any organic substrate (a
flexible piece of plastic) at much lower temperatures.
• Benefits of an OTFT:
– Does not require glass substrate as
amorphous Si does. It could be made
on a piece of plastic.
– Manufactured at lower temperatures
– Deposition techniques could reduce
costs dramatically.
• Challenges involved:
– Workarounds for complications with photo resists.
– To find organic semiconductors with high enough
mobilities and
switching times.
FIGURES OF OFTFS
FUTURE
OTFT technology’s application is diverse. Organic thin-film
transistor (OTFT) technology involves the use of organic
semiconducting compounds in electronic components, notably
computer displays. Such displays are bright, the colors are
vivid, they provide fast response times (which need to be
developed in OTFT), and they are easy to read in most
ambient lighting environments.
Picture of an OTFT made on a
plastic substrate
Organic Nano-Radio Frequency
Identification Devices
EXPLAINATION
Using Nano devices researchers intend to replace
the cumbersome UPC barcode that is found on many
products and replace it with one of these tags.
Scientists are currently working on this technology to
apply it to mass checkout at supermarkets, but have
several minor obstacles that still must be overcome.
Two of these obstacles are that each individual tag
must cost less than one cent, and each RFID must
function in the presence of substantial amounts of
metal and radio frequency absorbing fluids
Production and Applications
• Quicker Checkout
• Inventory Control
• Reduced Waste
• Efficient flow of goods
from manufacturer to
consumer
Production Specifications of
Manufacturing a Nano-RFID
• > 96 bits
• Four main communication Bands:
135KHz, 13.56MHz, 900MHz, 2.4 GHz
• Vacuum Sublimation
Meaning Of Vacuum
sublimation
Vacuum Sublimation has allowed for excellent
performance using small-molecule organic materials,
resulting in circuits operating at several megahertz. Each
nano-device will consist of 96 bits of information, but
may contain more, such as 128 bits.
The operating range for low cost devices will be limited
by the power delivery from the reader to each tag. This
makes the lower frequencies more appealing because
they are better for power coupling. Thus, 13.54MHz
looks like the most attractive frequency, however
researchers are also considering the frequency at the
900Mhz range also plausible.
The Future of Organic Electronics
Smart Textiles
•Integrates electronic devices into textiles, like clothing
•Made possible because of low fabrication temperatures
•Has many potential
uses, including:
Monitoring heart-rate
and other vital signs,
controlling embedded
devices (mp3 players),
keep the time…
Lab on a Chip
•A device that incorporates
multiple laboratory functions in a
single chip
•Organic is replacing some Si
fabrication methods:
-Lower cost
-Easier to manufacture
-More flexible
http://www.orgatronics.com/lab_on_chip.html
Portable, Compact Screens
•Black and White prototype already made by Philips
(the Readius™ at the bottom-left)
•Screens that can roll up into small devices
•Color devices will be here eventually
References
• http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci512140,00
.html
• students.washington.edu/jetpeach/
EE341_Organic_Transistors_Presentation.ppt
• http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/anthony/tft.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED
• www.tagsysrfid.com
Thank you for
your attention!