Transcript Chapter 5-4 Organic and Biochemical Compounds

Chapter 5-4
The Structure of Matter
Organic and Biochemical
Compounds
What does Organic Mean?



Organic – associated with
living things
Organic Food – grown
using fertilizers that come
from plants or animals
In chemistry it describes
certain compounds
Organic Compounds


Organic Compounds
– covalently bonded
compound that
contains carbon,
excluding
carbonates and
oxides
Ingredients in:



Aspirin
Sugarless gums
Sweeteners
Organic Compounds


Hydrocarbon –
molecule made of
hydrogen and carbon
only
Methane – simplest
hydrocarbon

CH4
Polymers

Polymers – large
molecule that is
formed by more than
five monomers


Monomer – small unit
or simple molecule
DNA, body cells,
rubber, and wood
Repeating Subunits

Polymers - Organic
molecules that
bond to form long
chains


Plastic jugs
“poly” – means
many
Man-made vs Natural

Natural:


Man-made:


Wood, rubber, cotton,
protien, DNA
Plastic containers, car
parts, carpet, rope
Most are plastics or
fibers
Elasticity Determines Structure



Polymer molecules
are like spaghetti
Can crush or dent
materials because it is
flexible
Some are elastic, or
stretchy, and some
aren’t
Biochemical Polymers

Important to living
thing



Carbohydrates –
energy
Proteins – muscles,
tendons, hair
DNA – provides
information to cells
Carbohydrates


Carbohydrate –
organic compound
that is made of
carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen
Provides nutrients to
cells of living things
Proteins


Proteins – organic
compound that is
made of 1 or more
chains of amino acids
Principal components
of all cells
Amino Acids

Amino Acids – 20
different organic
molecules that form
proteins
DNA

DNA – a polymer with
a complex structure



Determines genetic
makeup
Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus
Double helix – double
chains; like a twister
ladder