Transcript The Periodic table powerpoint

The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
The Table in General
► Columns
 Called families
 Elements have similar properties
 As you go from top to bottom elements get
larger
 Elements in a family have properties in common
Smallest As the Atomic Number gets bigger
Element the atom gets bigger… Physically
#1
larger in size!
Largest
Element
#114
The Table in General
► Rows:
(Periods)
 First elements very active solids
 Last element non reactive gas
Rows: (Periods)
Reactive
Metallic Solid
Non-Reactive
Non-Metallic Gas
The Table in General
► Rows:
(Periods)
 Get less reactive as you move from left to right
 Reactivity: means to lose electrons
 Atoms become less metallic left to right
Rows: (Periods)
More Reactive
More Metallic
Less Reactive
Less Metallic
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
___________
___________
___________
___________
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
1. Alkali Metals
► Color
all these elements one color
and add it to your key
► One electron in the valence shell
► Soft less dense metals
► Most reactive of all metals
► React with water to form bases
► Never found free in nature
► Found in soap, salt, baking soda
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
___________
___________
___________
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
2. Alkaline Earth Metals
► Color
all these elements one color and
add it to your key
► Two electrons in the valence shell
► Harder, higher melting point and more
dense than Alkali
► Also highly reactive
► Never found free in nature
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
___________
___________
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
3 – 12 Transition Elements
► Color
all these elements one color and add
it to your key
► Good conductors of heat and electricity
► Higher melting point than either of the first
two families
► Some are hard and brittle
► Combine with oxygen to form oxides
► Form brightly colored compounds
3 to 12 Transition Elements
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
___________
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
Rare Earth Elements
► Color
all these elements one color label their
names and add it to your key
► 2nd row Actinide Series: All but three are
synthetic (man made)
► Best known are Uranium and plutonium
which are used as nuclear fuels
Rare Earth Elements
► Color
all these elements one color label their
names and add it to your key
► 1st row Lanthanide Series: Soft,
malleable, high luster, great conductors,
used to make alloys (mixed with other
elements to gain more desirable properties
than the element alone)
► All elements have very similar properties
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
Boron Family
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
13 Boron Family
► Color
all these elements one color and
add it to your key
► Three electrons in the valence shell
► Aluminum is third most common
element on earth
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
Boron Family
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
Carbon
___________
___________
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
14 Carbon Family
► Color
all these elements one color and add
it to your key
► Four electrons in the valence shell
► Forms organic compounds
► Silicon second most abundant in earths
crust and is a metalloid
► Germanium is a metalloid used in
transistors
► Tin resists rusting and corrosion
► Lead is very dense and poisonous
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
Boron Family
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
Carbon
Nitrogen
___________
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
15 Nitrogen Family
► Color
all these elements one color
and add it to your key
► 5 electrons in the outer shell
► Nitrogen : Most abundant element in
earths atmosphere, stable, does not
combine easily, used in fertilizer, dyes
Ex: (NH3) Ammonia
► Phosphorus: Match tips
► Arsenic: rat poison
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
Boron Family
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
___________
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
16 Oxygen Family
► Color
all these elements one color
and add it to your key
► 6 electrons in outer shell
► Oxygen: Very reactive, combines with
most other elements, supports
burning
► Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: brittle,
make variety of compounds
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
Boron Family
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Halogen
___________
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
17 Halogen Family
► Color
all these elements one color and add
it to your key
► Seven electrons in the valence shell
► Name comes from two Greek words, Halo
Gens, this means- Salt Producing.
► Most chemically reactive non-metals
► Never found free in nature
► As gases form diatonic elements ex: F2, Cl2
► Combine with metals to form salts ex:
NaCl= table salt
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
Boron Family
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Halogen
Noble Gases
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
18 Noble Gases
► Color
all these elements one color and
add it to your key
► Full Valence (outer electron) shell, He
2 electrons the rest 8 electrons
► Inert, do not combine with other
elements
► He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in
windows, Xe- photographic lamps,
Rn- Treats cancer
Hydrogen- All alone
► Color
this element one color and add it to
your key
► One valence electron
► Highly reactive
► Highly combustible
► Colorless gas at room temperature
Periodic Table of the Elements
1- New designation
IA- Original designation
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Rare Earth
Boron Family
1
2
IIA
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
4
5
6
7
Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Halogen
Noble Gases
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
12
IB
IIB
18
VIIIA
13
14
15
16
17
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
Three Categories
► Metals
► Non-Metals
► Metalloids
Properties of a Metal
► Physical
superior electric and thermal conductivity
high luster
High density
Malleable- ability to be deformed under stress
without cleaving (breaking)
 Alkali & Alkaline Earth metals are extremely
reactive, low density, hardness, and melting
points




Properties of a Metal
► Chemical
 Form positively charged ions
 Metals can be easily oxidized. Oxidation is
informally known as the process of corrosion
 Metals can react with acid
 Some metals, like sodium or calcium will react
with water to make a base
Metalloids: Draw the step ladder &
identify the metalloids (use spots)
• Draw in the step ladder and mark the
Metalloids.
Definition of a Metalloid
► Found
in the area between the metals and
the nonmetals on the Periodic Table
► Sometimes called semi-metals and have
characteristics that are similar to both
metals and nonmetals.
Non-Metal: Identify the non-metals
(use stripes)
• Mark the Non-Metals
Properties of a Non-Metal
► Physical






low electrical conductivity
brittle when solid
Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid)
dull
Do not conduct heat end electricity well
lower melting points and boiling points than
metals
► Chemical
 Form negatively charged ions
Read the Element
9
77
6
Ir
Iridium
192.217
2
8
18
32
15
2
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines _________________________
► Horizontal rows________________________
► Most elements are _______________________
► Elements on the zigzag are __________________
► Elements in the top right are _________________
► 1 electron reactive family____________________
► 2 electron reactive family____________________
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines Families
► Horizontal rows________________________
► Most elements are _______________________
► Elements on the zigzag are __________________
► Elements in the top right are _________________
► 1 electron reactive family____________________
► 2 electron reactive family____________________
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are _______________________
► Elements on the zigzag are __________________
► Elements in the top right are _________________
► 1 electron reactive family____________________
► 2 electron reactive family____________________
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are __________________
► Elements in the top right are _________________
► 1 electron reactive family____________________
► 2 electron reactive family____________________
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are _________________
► 1 electron reactive family____________________
► 2 electron reactive family____________________
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family____________________
► 2 electron reactive family____________________
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family Alkali Metals
► 2 electron reactive family____________________
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family Alkali Metals
► 2 electron reactive family Alkaline Earth
► 3-12 families______________________________
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family Alkali Metals
► 2 electron reactive family Alkaline Earth
► 3-12 families Transition Elements
► Elements that form salts_____________________
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family Alkali Metals
► 2 electron reactive family Alkaline Earth
► 3-12 families Transition Elements
► Elements that form salts Halogens
► Elements that do not react___________________
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family Alkali Metals
► 2 electron reactive family Alkaline Earth
► 3-12 families Transition Elements
► Elements that form salts Halogens
► Elements that do not react Nobel Gasses
► First row that is pulled out ___________________
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family Alkali Metals
► 2 electron reactive family Alkaline Earth
► 3-12 families Transition Elements
► Elements that form salts Halogens
► Elements that do not react Nobel Gasses
► First row that is pulled out Lanthanide Series
► Second row that is pulled out _________________
► Vertical
Family Ties Review
lines
Families
► Horizontal rows Periods
► Most elements are Metals
► Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids
► Elements in the top right are Non-Metals
► 1 electron reactive family Alkali Metals
► 2 electron reactive family Alkaline Earth
► 3-12 families Transition Elements
► Elements that form salts Halogens
► Elements that do not react Nobel Gasses
► First row that is pulled out Lanthanide Series
► Second row that is pulled out Actinide Series
Element Example
1. Element
Chlorine
2. Symbol
Cl
3. Atomic Mass
35.453
4. Atomic number
17
5. Family
17
6. Period
3
1. Element __________________
2. Symbol___________________
3. Atomic Mass________________
4. Atomic number______________
5. Family____________________
6. Period____________________