Transcript family name notes

METALS
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
– HARDNESS
– SHININESS
– MALLEABILITY- TO BE ABLE TO BE HAMMERED
INTO SHAPES
– DUCTILITY- CAN BE PULLED OR DRAWN INTO A
LONG WIRE
– CONDUCTORS- TRANSMIT HEAT AND
ELECTRICITY
– MOST SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE EXCEPT Hg
METALS
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
– REACTIVITY- THE SPEED AND EASE WITH
WHICH AN ELEMENT COMBINES OR
REACTS WITH OTHER ELEMENTS
– CORROSION- THE REACTION WITH
OXYGEN CAUSING RUSTING
– MOST REACTIVE ARE CLOSER TO THE
LEFT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE AND
TOWARD THE BOTTOM
ALLOYS
 MIXTURE OF METALS
 COMBINE TO USE THE BEST
PROPERTIES OF BOTH
 BRONZE= COPPER AND TIN
 BRASS= COPPER AND ZINC
 STAINLESS STEEL= CARBON AND
CHROMIUM AND VANADIUM
ALKALI METALS
 GROUP 1
 VERY REACTIVE NEVER FOUND FREE IN
NATURE ONLY FOUND IN COMPOUNDS
 VERY SOFT AND SHINY CAN CUT WITH
PLASTIC KNIFE
 ONE VALENCE ELECTRON SO TRANSFER
EASILY TO OTHER ELEMENTS
 SODIUM AND POTASSIUM ESSENTIAL FOR
LIFE
 LITHIUM USED FOR BATTERIES AND
MEDICINES
ALKALINE EARTH
 GROUP 2
 NOT AS REACTIVE AS 1 BUT STILL MORE
REACTIVE THAN OTHER METALS
 FOUND IN NATURE IN COMPOUNDS
 TWO VALENCE ELECTRONS
 MAGNESIUM COMBINE WITH ALUMINUM
MAKE ALLOY FOR LADDERS AND AIRPLANE
PARTS
 CALCIUM ESSENTIAL FOR HEALTH
TRANSITIONAL METALS
 GROUP 3 TO 12 IN THE VALLEY
 FORMS THE BRIDGE BETWEEN THE
VERY REACTIVE METALS AND THE
LESS REACTIVE
 MOST ARE HARD AND SHINY
 GOOD CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY
 FAIRLY STABLE REACTING SLOWLY OR
NOT AT ALL WITH AIR AND WATER
RARE EARTH METALS
 LANTHANIDES
– SOFT, MALLEABLE, SHINY
– HIGH CONDUCTIVITY
– USED IN INDUSTRY IN VARIETY OF ALLOYS
 ACTINIDES
–
–
–
–
–
Found in small quantities
Nuclear energy
After 92 they are man made
They break apart quickly
Atom is unstable
Name the family
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Cobalt
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Uranium
Einsteinium
Mercury
Barium
Francium
potassium
silver
cerium
tungsten
cesium
nickel
zirconium
zinc
plutonium
strontium
NONMETALS
 LOCATED TO THE RIGHT OF THE
ZIGZAG LINE
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
– DULL
– BRITTLE SO NOT MALLEABLE AND NOT
DUCTILE
– LOWER DENSITIES
– POOR CONDUCTORS OR HEAT AND
ELECTRICITY
NONMETALS
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
– GAIN AND SHARE ELECTRONS
– METALS AND NONMETALS, GROUP 17,
FORM SALT
– NONMETALS BONDS WITH ITSELF IT
CREATES A MOLECULE CALLED A
DIATOMIC MOLECULES
BORON FAMILY
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BORON ARE METALLOID
ALUMINUM IS A METAL
THE REST ARE METALS
THREE VALENCE ELECTRON
BORON USED AS DETERGENT,
CLEANING AGENTS
 ALUMINUM USED IN CANS AN AS ALLOY
FOR AIRPLANE PARTS
CARBON FAMILY
 FOUR VALENCE ELECTRONS
 CARBON IS NON
 SILICON AND GERMANIUM ARE
METALLOIDS
 TIN AND LEAD ARE METALS
 ALL LIVING THINGS CONTAIN CARBON
NITROGEN FAMILY
 FIVE VALENCE ELECTRONS
 NONMETALS ARE NITROGEN AND
PHOSPHORUS
 80% NITROGEN IN ATMOSPHERE
 NITROGEN FIXATION IS THE PROCESS
THAT ORGANISMS LIKE BACTERIA
COMBINE OXYGEN WITH OTHERS
ELEMENTS SO LIVING THINGS CAN USE
IT
OXYGEN
 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS
 FORM DIATOMIC MOLECULES
 ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE FOR CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
 SHUT UP
 O IS THE MOST COMMON ELEMENT IN THE
EARTHS CRUST
 SECOND MOST IN THE ATMOSPHERE
 SULFUR MAKE A ROTTEN EGG SMELL AND IS
FOR EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND MEDICINES
HALOGENS
 7 VALENCE ELECTRONS
 MOST REACTIVE NON METALS
 F FOR TOOTHPASTE AND NON STICK
COOKWARE
 Cl FOR SALTS AND POOLS
 I DISINFECTANT
NOBLE GASES
 VALENCE ELECTRONS 8
 FULL OUTER SHELL CAN’T COMBINE
WITH EASILY WITH OTHER ELEMENTS
 ALL NON METALS