Transcript Islam:

Islam:
The Peace of
Surrender to
the One God
Adhan (Call to Prayer)
• Adhan 1
• Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles)
Surat al-Fatiha
In the name of God,
The All-Merciful,
The All-Compassionate
All praise belongs to God,
Lord of all the Worlds,
The All-Merciful,
The All-Compassionate,
Master of the Day of Judgement.
Surat al-Fatiha
You alone do we worship,
and from You alone do we seek help.
Guide us on the Straight Path,
The path of those
whom You have blessed,
Not of those on whom is Your anger,
Nor of those who have gone astray.
Amen.
Assignments
• (due Weds., 5/4)
– Watch 1st 30 minutes of “Inside Islam”,
found at http://www.groundzerodialogue.org/
Scroll down; link on right hand side
– Write a paragraph or two of your thoughts,
based on this Viewer’s Guide, esp. points
1&3
• (due Thurs., 5/6) Watch 2nd half of
film; same assignment as for 1st half
Assignments
• (due ., /) Type a 1-1½ pg. reflection paper
on DVD “The Muslim Americans”
• (due ., /) Read pp. 247-251(top); write 1
pgrph on your impressions of
Muhammad
Assignments
• (due ., /) 1 paragraph: What impacted
you most from DVD Muhammad:
Legacy?
• (due Mon., 5/9) Read pp. 247-251(top);
Read handout on Qur’an; write 1
paragraph reflection on one or several
passages for discussion
• (due Tues., 5/10) Read pp. 251-256
(middle); 1 prgh.: Do you pray? Why?
How?
Assignments
• (due Weds., 5/11) Read pp. 256-260
(top); write 1-2 pghs opinion on any
controversial issues in Islam
• (due Thurs., 5/12) 3 solid questions for
T.U. students
• (due ., /) Read pp. 260-263
• (Weds., 5/18) TEST on Islam
• (due on or before last review day)
Project
The Foundations of Islam
What IS Islam?
What is Islam?
• ISLAM…
• MUSLIMS…
• ISLAMIC…
What is Islam?
• Islam = “peace”
• Salam
(Arabic)/Shalom
(Hebrew)
• More literally, =
“surrender” or
“submission”
• Implication…
• Peace comes through
submission to God
(Allah)
The Foundations of Islam
The Life and Message
Of
Muhammed
Life of Muhammed
• Born c. 570 A.D. in
Mecca
• Meccan society:
– Tribal
– Mercantile
– Polytheistic
• Part of powerful
clan, the Quresh
• Orphaned early on; raised
by uncle, Abu Taleb
Life of Muhammed
• M. becomes caravan guide
– Exposed to cultures/religions,
esp. monotheism of Judaism
& Christianity
– Meets Khadija> marries
• M. repulsed by Meccans’
hypocrisy re: religion &
care for poor
• M. retreats more & more
to pray, reflect
Life of Muhammed
• 610 A.D. “Night of
Power and Excellence”
– Angel Gabriel appears
during prayer
– Commands M.: “Recite”!
– M. protests; he knows not
how to recite
– Gabriel tells M what to
recite… beginning of dictation
of Qur’an
The Foundations of Islam:
The Qur’an:
Islam’s Sacred Presence
The Qur’an
• Center of Islamic
faith on earth
• Size: about 4/5 size of
New Testament
• Structured in 114
chapters or surahs
• Originally written in
Arabic
The Qur’an
• Qur’an means,
literally, “reading” or
“recitation”
• From Angel
Gabriel’s command:
“Recite!”
The Qur’an
• Believed to have been revealed
miraculously by God
• ALLAH >
MUHAMMED>
EARLY DISCIPLES
(written form)
• Revealed & written in Arabic
• Governs every aspect of life
The Qur’an
Express 7 basic beliefs about:
• Allah
– He is One
– All predestined by Him
• Revelation through
– Angels
– Human messengers(prophets)
– Books(Jewish, Christian, Qur’an)
• Human Destiny
– Afterlife
– Judgement
The Qur’an
Discuss Qur’an’s attitude toward:
• Unbelievers
• Violence toward enemies
• Image of God
How do these attitudes compare with
those of other faiths?
The Foundations of Islam
The Life and Message
Of
Muhammed
Life of Muhammed
• 622 A.D. The Hijra
– M.’s migration from Mecca to Yathrib
– Importance: basis for all dates in Muslim
calendar (Anno Hegirae, “in the year of the
Hijra”)
Message of Muhammed
• M referred to as the “Seal of the
Prophets”
– Prophets= link betw Allah and humankind
– Some “lesser” or prior prophets: eg.
Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus
– M = “seal”, ie. the final prophet
– M reveals fully, precisely and for all time
the will of Allah
Message of Muhammed
• Sunna of the Prophet:
– Means “custom”
– =M’s actions and his own sayings or
“hadith”
– Second most important authority in Islam
5 Pillars of Islam
Shahada
The Confession of Faith
• “La ilaha illa’Llah.
Muhammadur rasulu’Llah”
(“There is no god except God.
Muhammad is the messenger
of God.”)
• Core:
– Oneness of God (Monotheism)
– Uniqueness of Muhammad
Salat
Ritual Prayer
• 5 times a day:
–
–
–
–
–
Dawn
Noon
Mid-afternoon
Sunset
Night
• At home or in
masjid (mosque)
Salat
Ritual Prayer
• Friday Service
(Jummah) in
mosque:
– Sermon
(khutbah)
– Noon prayer
Sawm
Fasting during Ramadan
• Entire month, from
sunrise to sunset
• Abstinence from
food, drink, sex,
smoking, etc.
• Ramadan shifts–
lunar calendar
Zakat
Sharing of Wealth with Poor
• 2.5 % of value of
possessions
• The Poor are
exempt
• Zakat is a form
of worship
• Fosters
habits of
generosity
Hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca
• Journey in
imitation of
prophet
• Umma clearly
felt/experienced
• Obligatory for
all who can
make the trip
Features of the Hajj
• Ritual
white
clothing for
men (=
equality/
purity)
Islam: Practices & Teachings
The Umma:
The Community of Muslims
The Community of Muslims
• The community or Umma =all
Muslims
• Shari’ah = divine law (from Qur’an)
that unites all Muslims
• Governments of some countries (eg.
Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan) based
on Shari’a
The Varieties of Islam
Sects & Movements
in Islam
Are there “sects” in Islam?
Qur’an
Hadith
(Sayings of Prophet)
(Mahtaphs)
Various Schools of Thought
(Opinions of Legal Scholars)
Sunni & Shi’a
• Islam divided into 2 major
“sects”:
Sunni
Muslims
Shi’ite
Muslims
Sunni Muslims
• = a little less than 90% of Muslims
• Sunni, from those who follow sunna or
“custom” of the prophet
Sunni Muslims
• Leadership:
Caliph elected
from tribe of
Muhammed
• Dominant in
Saudi Arabia,
Syria,
Indonesia, most
African
countries
Shi’ite Muslims
• = about 10% of Muslims
• shi’i from “shi’at Ali” or
partisans of Ali, the sonin-law of M.
Shi’ite Muslims
• = about 10% of Muslims
• shi’i from “shi’at Ali” or
partisans of Ali, the sonin-law of M.
• Leadership: Imam(vs.
caliph) as direct descendent
of Ali
• Dominant in Iran, Iraq,
Afghanistan, Kuwait,
Pakistan
Sufism
• Not a separate sect of
Islam, but a special
brotherhood
• Sufi from suf, = “wool”
• Sufis = “woolwearers”,
from their special robes
• Focus on inner,
mystical experience of
Allah