Transcript The Properties of Matter

The Properties of Matter
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Matter can be classified based on its
properties.
Some of the properties of matter are
mass, magnetism, and the ability to
conduct heat, electricity, or sound.
Matter has three states: solid, liquid, or
gas
Each substance has some characteristics
that stay the same, like its boiling and
melting points.
Properties of Matter Continued
Mixtures combine different kinds of
matter (substances).
 When a solution is formed, some of the
physical properties of its ingredients
change.
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What is Matter?
Matter is everything that takes up space
(volume) and has mass.
 NOT EVERYTHING is matter. For example,
light and electricity are not matter, because
they do not have mass and they do not take
up their own separate space.
 Think of some things that are and are not
matter.
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Mass and Weight
Mass is how much there is of an object—the
amount of an object.
 Scientist measure mass in grams or kilograms
using a pan-balance or a triple-beam balance.
 Weight is the force of attraction created by
gravity.
 Our weight would change on another planet,
but our mass would not.
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The Properties of Matter
A property is a characteristic or quality
that describes a particular type of
matter.
 Examples of properties:
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Mass
 Solid, liquid, or gas
 Conducts heat, sound, or electricity
 Magnetism
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The Three States of Matter
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Solids have a fixed volume and shape
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Liquids will take the shape of whatever
container it is in
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Molecules are locked into a fixed position
Molecules vibrate faster and can move around
each other
Gases has no fixed shape and no fixed
volume
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Molecules move so rapidly, they spread out in all
directions
Evaporation is when water turns from a liquid to a
gas.
Melting and Boiling Points
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Melting Point—the temperature when a
substance turns from a solid to a liquid
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Boiling Point—the temperature when a liquid
turns into a gas
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Water freezes at 0° C.
Water boils at 100° C.
Substance swill always have the same melting
and boiling point. It does not change.
Magnetism
A magnet will attract, or pull towards or
even pick up, some metals, such as
iron, nickel, cobalt and steel.
 Metals that are attracted to a magnet
are magnetic.
 Metals or non-metals that a magnet has
no effect on are non-magnetic.
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Conductivity
Conductivity is the ability of matter to carry
heat, sound, or electricity.
 Insulators are objects that do not conduct
heat, sound, or electricity. They can be used
to block the flow of heat, sound, or electricity.
 Copper wires are good conductors of
electricity, but rubber is not. Electrical wires
are covered with rubber to insulate them.
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Mixtures and Solutions
A mixture is when different things are
mixed together but not chemically
combined.
 An example of a mixture is a salad. The
lettuce, carrots, tomatoes and
cucumbers make up a salad, but each
of those ingredients keeps its own
characteristics.
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Chemical Combination or
Mixture?
When atoms from two different types of
matter combine, a new substance is formed.
This new substance has different
characteristics than the original substance.
Water is combined from hydrogen and
oxygen atoms and is different than either
gas.
 In a mixture, such as a salad, each ingredient
keeps its own characteristics.
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Types of Mixtures
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Solid with a Solid
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Solid with a Liquid
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Sugar and Sand
Chocolate powder and milk
Liquid and Gas Mixtures
Water and Salad Oil
 Air is a mixture of different types of gases
 Soda is a mixture of liquid and gas
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Main Ideas About Mixtures
In mixtures, ingredients are NOT
chemically joined.
 Ingredients keep many of their same
characteristics.
 Ingredients in a mixture can be
separated out.
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Separation Methods
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Magnetism—if one of the ingredients in a mixture
is magnetic, you can use a magnet to separate
the materials.
Filter—if the ingredients in a mixture have
particles that are different sizes, or one mixture
is a liquid and the other is a solid, you can pour
the mixture over a filter or filter screen.
Boiling or evaporating—if the mixture has a solid
dissolved in water you can wait for the water to
evaporate or boil the water. The solid will remain
in the container.
Solutions
Solutions are special kinds of mixtures.
 In a solution, one substance dissolves into
another. An example of this is when you stir
sugar into tea. The sugar breaks into tiny
particles that are surrounded by the water
molecules.
 Not every mixture is solution. If a substance
does not dissolve, there is not a solution.
Sand does not dissolve in water, it will settle
to the bottom. This is not a solution.
 Apply what you learned on page 100.
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Separating Ingredients from a
Solution
Boil a solution to separate the liquid
from the solid.
 Put a stick or string into a sugar-water
solution. The particles of sugar will stick
to the stick or string and will eventually
form sugar crystals.
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