Transcript Indian and Southeast Asian Art

Indian and Southeast Asian Art
Lauren Egensperger Emily Samsa
Map
Map
Works Cited
• Barrons
• https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/ap-arthistory/introduction-ap-arthistory/a/required-works-of-artfor-ap-art-history
• http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collectiononline/search/39328
• http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/24548
• http://www.asia.si.edu/explore/indianart/origins.asp
• https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/southasia/hindu-art/a/shiva-as-lord-of-the-dance-nataraja
Contextual Information
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Rich artistic traditions were exchanged throughout the civilizations of Asia
Buddhism spread through East Asia
Chinese religions influenced by Buddhism
Buddhism is a visual art form, noted for religious images and narratives
Buddhism is a spiritual force that teaches how to cope with a world that is full of
misery
Central figure is Buddha (563-483 B.C.E.) not a God
Rejected worldly concerns for fulfillment
Buddhists aim to end the cycle of suffering and achieve Nirvana
Buddhist Iconography
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Lion- Buddha’s royalty
The Wheel- Buddha’s law
Lotus- Buddha’s pure nature
Empty Throne- Remainder of Buddha’s presence
Indian art and architecture is expressed by religious temples and shrines
Wide range of materials used in this region
Asian art spread throughout the world through trade
Asian art heavily influenced the art of Europe
Characteristics of Buddha
Smaller Buddha: Sakyamuni, the
historical Buddha
Larger Buddha: Virocana, the
universal Buddha
Treatment of drapery varies from
region to region
In central India, drapery is tight
fitting, resting on one shoulder
with folds slanting diagonally
across the chest
In other areas, Buddha wears a
heavy robe that covers both
shoulders, similar to roman toga,
showing Hellenistic influence
Buddha from Bamiyan
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Afghanistan
Cut rock with plaster
400-800 AD
First colossal Buddhas
One is 175 feet tall,
the other is 115 feet
tall
Halo shape around
the body
Originally covered in
pigment and gold
Served as models for
later large-scale rockcut images in china
Destroyed by Taliban
in an act of
iconoclasm in 2001
Jowo Rinpoche Jokhang Temple
• Tibet
• Metal with
semiprecious stones
and paint
• Tibet’s earliest and
foremost Buddhist
temple
• Founded in 647 by the
first ruler that unified
Tibet
• Believed to have been
blessed by Buddha
himself
• Depicts Sakyamuni
Buddha
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Borobudur Temple
Volcanic stone masonry
Java Indonesia
750-842 AD
Buddhist Monument containing 504 life-size Buddha’s, 1460 narrative relief sculptures
Pyramidal in form, aligned with four cardinal points of the compass
Lower stories represent the world of desire and negative impulses
Middle areas represent the world of forms, people have to control these negative
impulses
Top story is the world of formulas, where the physical world and worldly desire are
removed
Five terraces of identical stepped square plan
Enclosed stupa on top
Cross Cultural Comparisons: pyramid shaped monuments
-Great Pyramids
-White Temple and Ziggurat
Shiva as Lord of Dance (Nataraja) with
a Nimbus
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Cast bronze
11th century
Vigorously dancing with one foot on
a dwarf, the Demon of Ignorance and
illusion which leads mankind astray
• Shiva has four hands
• The hand pointing to his raised left
foot, signifies refuge for the troubled
soul
• Periodically destroys the universe
(using fire) so it can be reborn again
• With another hand he creates the
gesture that relieves fear
• conveys the Indian conception of the
never-ending cycle of time
• Cross Cultural Comparisons: Sacred
Images
-Saint Luke from the Lindisfarne
Lakshmana Temple
• Cambodia
• Sand stone masonry
• Hindu architecture
• The center is the small
room containing the
shrine
• Narrow interior allowed
only high priests to enter
into the presence of the
god inside
• Corbelled roof, beehive
quality
• Bands of horizontal
moldings unite the
temple
• Exterior similar to
Borobudur, Java
Sculptures show regeneration
The temple of Angkor Wat
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Cambodia
Sandstone
Corbelled gallery roofs
Dedicated to Vishnu
Horror Vaculi of high reliefs
Mix of Buddhist and Hindu character
Kings identified with gods
Towers symbolize five peaks of a sacred mountain said to Jayavarman VII Khmer King
•Buddhist and Hindu iconography
be the center of the spiritual and physical universe
Churning of the ocean of milk
•Sculpture in rhythmic dance
•Repetition of shapes
Jahangir preferring a Sufi Shakyh to Kings
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India
Artist-Bichitr
Watercolor, gold and ink on paper
Seated on an hourglass throne to
symbolize time
• Surrounded by sun and moon,
symbolize Jahangir as the source of
light
• Jahangir is being handed a bookconsidered a respected object
Taj Mahal
• White marble mausoleum
• Built in 17th century by India's
emperor, Shah Jahan
• Tomb for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal,
who died after giving birth to the
couple’s 14th child
• Symbol of India’s rich history
• Combined Indian, Persian and
Islamic influences
• Famous for its monumental scale,
gardens, lavish ornamentation,
and use of white marble
• One of the world’s most
celebrated structures
Great Stupa
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Sanchi, India
Stone masonry and sandstone
dome
Shows Buddhist architecture
Principle place of early
Buddhist worship
Shrine, mound shape
Three umbrellas represent
Buddha, Buddha's law, and
Monastic Orders
Square enclosure around
umbrellas symbolizes a sacred
tree surrounded by a fence
Originally painted white
Dome of heaven
Buddha symbolized by an
empty throne
Horror Vaculi and high relief
sculptures
Comparing the Pantheon with the
Great Stupa
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Pantheon, a Roman temple that was built
to be “the temple of all Gods” made during
the High Empire in Rome, Italy (118-125
CE)
Great Stupa, a Buddhist monument from
the Maurya Dynasty in Sanchi, India (3rd
century B.C.E.)
Both temples
The major theme that ties them together is
the idea that they are connecting real
world with the heavenly realm
Similar styles
– Enter through a series of columns
– Pillars add symmetry
– Structures are axially aligned around
the center of their dome
– Dome as the defining feature and focal
point