Transcript bridge between heaven and earth

Review Exam II
Cambodia
Thailand
Myanmar
Exam II
• 40 points
• 2 slides (subject, date, period date, country,
facts)
• Comparison and contrast (2 slides)
• Focus: periods between 12th-14th centuries,
religious concepts, historical information,
architectural techniques, media
Religion
• Thailand and Burma (12th-14th): Theravada
Buddhism: art focuses on life of the Buddha
• Cambodia: Hinduism and Mahayana
Buddhism; Hindu art: Siva and Vishnu, the
Churning of the Sea of Milk, historical
events; Mahayana art: Buddha protected by
Nagahoods, Lokesvara, and Prajnaparamita
• Animistic practices
Angkor Wat
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King Suryavarman II (c. 1112-1150 CE)
Hindu temple, facing West (direction of death), associates with Vishnu
It symbolizes the center of the universe, Mount Meru
The moat symbolizes the oceans surrounding the earth
The succession of concentric galleries represent the mountain ranges
that surround Mount Meru
• The towers (Gopura) represent the mountain’s peaks
• It was converted to Theravada temple in the 15th century
3.29 Angkor Wat, early 12th century
The Bayon temple
• Built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII (late 12th to 13th
centuries)
• Temple facing East and West direction
• It is built in Greek cross plan; the main shrine is circular in shape and
has 12 subsidiary chapels radiating out from it.
• There were 49 towers (only 37 are standing); each has four colossal
heads, dominate the four quarters of the world
• The main temple is surrounded by rectangular roofed galleries which
are punctuated by towers at the corners and at the center of each side;
at ground level, outer closure,, is surrounded by a a gallery with corner
pavilions and gopuras
• Between 2nd and 3rd enclosure are 16 large chapels where Buddhist
deities were housed.
The Bayon temple
• At the S gate is a bridge that represents the churning of the
Sea of Milk; Naga represents rainbow and bridge of
heaven; crossing from the world of man to the world of
gods
Thai Art
• Sukhothai (13th-15th centuries): Walking Buddha,
the Descent from Heaven, and Buddhist painting
Thai Buddha images: sitting, standing, walking,
and reclining
• Most popular hand gestures: earth-touching hand
gesture and meditation
• Follows the 32 major characteristics and 80 minor
characteristics
• Media: stone, brick and stucco, bronze
159 Seated Buddha in earth-touching hand gesture, Sukhothai, 14th century
158 Walking Buddha, Sukhothai, 14th century
161 Birth scene of the Buddha, Ayutthaya, 1776
Ananda Temple
• Built during the reign of King Kyanzittha
(r. 1084-1111)
• Greek Crossed (Cruciform) plan; square shape;
topped with a tapering pagoda (172 feet from the
base)
• Four standing Buddhas; each enshrined in a nich
• Interior has life scenes of the Buddha (389 scenes)
and last ten jatakas
Colossal Buddha image, Ananda temple
Andagu Tablet