Transcript Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Notes
AP World History
I. The Tang Empires, 618-755
► A.
Tang Origins
 1. The Tang Empire was established in 618.
 2. Carried out a program of territorial
expansion, avoided over centralization, and
combined Turkic influence with Chinese
Confucian traditions.
► B.
Buddhism and the Tang Empire
 1. Emperors used Buddhist Idea that kings are
spiritual agents who bring their subjects into a
Buddhist realm.
 2. Buddhist monasteries received tax exemptions,
land, and gifts.
 3. Mahayna Buddhism and its flexible beliefs
encouraged the adaptation of local deities into the
pantheon.
 4. Buddhism spread following trade routes that
converged on Tang capital Chang’an, making it a
cosmopolitan city.
► C.
Chang’an by Land and Sea
 1. Had a half a million residents.
 2. Foreigners lived in speical compounds; urban
residents lived in walled, gated residential quarters.
 3. Grand Canal brought people and goods into the
city.
 4. Islamic and Jewish merchants from Western
Asia came to China via the Indian Ocean Trade
Routes.
 5. Ships brought goods and the Bubonic plague.
► D.
Trade and Cultural Exchange
 1. Tang China combined Turkic and Chinese
culture and brought polo, grape wine, tea, and
spices.
 2. Lost monopoly on silk, but began to produce
its own cotton, tea, and sugar.
 3. Exported far more than imported with high
quality silks and porcelain being among its most
desired products.
II. Rivals for Power in Inner Asia
and China 600-907
► A.
The Uighur and Tibetan Empires
 1. Uighur Empire was in Central Asia.
 2. Combined Islam and China and developed own
script and lasted for 50 years.
 3. Tibet was a large empire with access to all parts
of Asia and was open to Indian, Chinese, Islamic,
and even Greek Culture.
 4. Early relations between Tibet and Tang was
good, but went bad when Tibet allied themselves
with the southwestern kingdom of Nanchao against
the Tang.
 5. In the 9th century, a Tibetan king attempted to
eliminate Buddhism but failed.
► B.
Upheavals and Repression, 750-879
 1. In the late 9th century Tang broke the power of the
Buddhist monasteries and Confucian ideology was
reasserted.
 2. This happened because Buddhism was seen as
undermining the family system and eroding the tax base
by accumulating tax-free land and attracting hundreds
of thousands of people to become monks and nuns.
 3. Buddhism had supported Wu Zhao, a women to
become empress.
 4. Confucian scholars concocted accounts that painted
highly critical portraits of Wu Zhao and other influential
women in Chinese history.
► C.
The End of the Tang Empire
 1. Tang collapsed because it relied too much on
provincial governors and they established their
own kingdoms.
 2. None of these smaller kingdoms were able
to integrate territory on the scale of the Tang
and communication with the Islamic world and
Europe was cut off.
III. Emergence of East Asia, to 1200
► A.
The Liao and Jin Challenge
 1. The Liao, Jin, and Chinese Song grew out of the
Tang Empire.
 2. Liao were nomads and settled agriculturalists and
were of the Kitan ethnic group.
 3. Liao Empire lasted from 916-1121 and forced the
Song to give them annual payments of cash and silk in
return for peace.
 4. The Song helped the Jurchens of northeast Asia to
defeat the Liao and the Jurchens established the Jin
Empire and drove the Song out of north and central
China.
 5. Song continued to reign in south China as the
Southern Song Empire (1127-1279).
►
B. Song Industries
 1. Song made a number of technological innovations in the
areas of mathematics, astronomy, and calendar making.
 2. In 1088 the engineer Su Song constructed a huge chain
driven clock that told the time and the day of the month and
indicated the movements of the moon and certain stars and
planets.
 3. Made the compass suitable for seafaring.
 4. Introduced the sternpost rudder and watertight
bulkheads.
 5. Introduced a standing, professionally trained, regularly
paid military and used iron and steel and gunpowder in their
wars.
►
C. Economy and Society in Song China
 1. Civilian officials dominated society and put a higher value on aesthetic
pursuits including a Neo-Confucian philosophy and Zen Buddhism
continued to be popular.
 2. Civil Service examination system was introduced and allowed men to be
chosen by merit.
 3. With the invention of movable type the Song were able to massproduce authorized preparation texts and contributed to dissemination of
new agricultural technology which spurred population growth.
 4. Population rose to 100 million.
 5. An interregional credit system called flying money and the introduction
of government-issued paper money, but it caused inflation and was later
withdrawn.
 6. Not able to control the market economy and a new merchant elite
thrived in the cities and their wealth derived from trade, not land.
 7. Women status declined, lost rights to own property, remarriage was
forbidden, foot binding became a mark of the elite and mandatory.
IV. New Kingdoms in East Asia
► A.
Korea
 1. Korean hereditary elite absorbed
Confucianism and Buddhism from China and
passed them along to Japan.
 2. The several small Korean kingdoms were
untied first by Silla in 668 and then by Koryo in
the early 900s. Korea used woodblock printing
as early as the 700s and later invented
moveable type.
►
B. Japan
 1. Home to hundreds of small states that were unified perhaps by horseriding warriors from Korea in the 4th or 5th century.
 2. In the mid 7th century, implemented a series of political reforms to
establish a centralized government, legal code, national histories,
architecture, and city planning based on the model of Tang China.
 3. However, they adapted it to the needs of Japan and maintained their
own concept of emperorship and the native religion of Shinto survived.
 4. Women became royal consorts and Suiko reigned as empress taking
over from her husband’s death in 592.
 5. During the Heian period (794-1185) the Fujiwara clan dominated the
Japanese government and civil officials were placed above warriors.
 6. However, by 1000 some warrior clans had become wealthy and
powerful and one clan established the Kamakura Shogunate, with its
capital at Kamakura in eastern Honshu.
► C.
Vietnam
 1. Geographical proximity and a similar,
irrigated wet-rice agriculture made Vietnam
suitable for integration with southern China.
 2. The elite of Annam modeled their high
culture after the Chinese.
 3. The kingdom of Champa exported the fastmaturing Champa rice to China.
 4. Status of women was higher than in China.