Transcript CHAPTER 4

World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Island Southeast Asia
Preview
Section 1: Natural Environments
Section 2: History and Culture
Section 3: The Region Today
Chapter Wrap-Up
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 1: Natural Environments
Read to Discover
• What landforms are found in island Southeast
Asia, and what are some physical processes that
have shaped them?
• What climates, biomes, and natural resources
does the region have?
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 1: Natural Environments
Landforms
• Islands—Malay Archipelago (more than 20,000
islands), including Sumatra, New Guinea, Borneo,
Philippines
• High peaks on some islands, some with glaciers
• Seas and narrow straits between islands and mainland
• Geologically active area—Tectonic plate movement
causes earthquakes, volcanoes, mudflows
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 1: Natural Environments
Question
What are the climates of island Southeast
Asia, and what factors influence the type of
climate in each country?
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 1: Natural Environments
CLIMATES OF ISLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA
Tropical Wet
Tropical
Highland
and Dry
Humid
Countries or
Regions
Brunei, Malaysia,
Philippines,
Singapore, most
of Indonesia
Eastern islands
of Indonesia,
southern Irian
Jaya
Central
Borneo,
central Irian
Jaya
Factors that
Influence the
Climate
Tropical
location
Tropical
location,
monsoons
High
elevation
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 1: Natural Environments
Biomes
• Tropical rain forests and mangroves
• Great variety of plants and animals with one of
Earth’s highest levels of biodiversity, including
endemic species (Komodo dragon, Javan
rhinoceros, orangutan)
World Geography Today
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Section 1: Natural Environments
Natural Resources
• Forests, fisheries, volcanic soils for farming,
rubber tree plantations
• Copper, gold, tin; oil and natural gas (Brunei,
Indonesia, possibly near the Spratly Islands
southwest of the Philippines)
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 2: History and Culture
Read to Discover
• What early peoples migrated to island Southeast
Asia?
• How did colonialism affect the region’s history?
• What are the people and culture of island
Southeast Asia like today?
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 2: History and Culture
Question
Who were the early peoples
of island Southeast Asia, and
what did each group accomplish?
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 2: History and Culture
EARLY PEOPLES OF
ISLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA
First Humans
In Philippines more
than 30,000 years
Malays
Migrated from Asia
about 2000 B.C.
Hindus and
Buddhists
Kingdoms
established in Java
and Sumatra by
A.D. 700;
controlled trade,
built monuments;
Majapahit largest
kingdom
Arabs
Trading in the
region by 1300s;
introduced Islam
Chinese
Traders settled in
coastal cities
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 2: History and Culture
Influences
• First Malay people from Asia arrived about 2000 B.C.
• Indian Hindus came later; Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
established in Java, Sumatra.
• Chinese merchants arrived and settled, forming a large
minority population.
• Arab traders came by 1300s, settling down and spreading
Islam.
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 2: History and Culture
Effects of Colonialism
• Spain brought Catholicism to the Philippines; Manila
became a trade link with China and the Americas; later
became U.S. colony.
• Holland controlled the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) for
the spice trade.
• Britain colonized Malaysia and founded Singapore; built
roads, plantations, and schools; brought in Chinese and
Indian workers, now large ethnic groups in the region.
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 2: History and Culture
People and Culture
• Diverse population, many languages
• Some large cities, but population still mainly rural
• Religion—Buddhism (Malaysia, Singapore); Islam
(Indonesia, Malaysia); Hinduism (Bali); Christianity
(Philippines)
• Rice cultivation
• Other features—Traditional clothing styles for tropics;
batik cloth
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 3: The Region Today
Read to Discover
• How has island Southeast Asia’s economy
changed in recent decades?
• What are the cities of the region like?
• What challenges do the people of the
region face?
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 3: The Region Today
Economic Changes
• Growing trade and investment links; ASEAN
• Rapid industrial growth and modernization in
1980s and 1990s
• Improved standards of living in Singapore,
Brunei, Malaysia
• Privatization in Malaysia
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 3: The Region Today
Question
What are the similarities and differences of
the four cities of island Southeast Asia?
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 3: The Region Today
CITIES OF ISLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA
Kuala Lumpur
Singapore
Petronas Towers,
surrounded by
kampongs, smoggy
Clean, wealthy,
orderly, low crime
rate
In Common
Large, crowded,
growing rapidly, with
modern urban
centers and
government
buildings
Manila
Jakarta
Surrounded by
slums
Surrounded by
kampongs
World Geography Today
Chapter 30
Section 3: The Region Today
Cities
• Rapid urbanization
• Major cities and capitals—Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur,
Manila, Singapore
• Singapore—Wealthiest, cleanest, and most
orderly city; strict laws restrict behavior
• Others have smog and traffic problems
World Geography Today
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Section 3: The Region Today
Challenges
• Urban growth
• Protecting political and personal freedoms
• Ethnic and political tensions in Indonesia (East Timor, Aceh,
Irian Jaya, Moluccas)
• Muslim separatism and conflict in the Philippines
• Environment—Deforestation, loss of wildlife diversity,
overfishing, pollution
• Poverty and economic development
World Geography Today
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Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas
1. Why is the land of island Southeast Asia so unstable in some
areas?
2. How do the region’s location and monsoons influence its
climates?
3. Which ethnic group makes up the majority of Singapore’s
population? Do members of that ethnic group tend to live in
urban or rural areas throughout island Southeast Asia?
4. What is the dominant religion of island Southeast Asia? What
other religions are practiced there?
5. What economic, environmental, and political challenges face the
region today?