Transcript Food Supply

Food Supply
Chapter 4
1
• Getting food to your table is a complex
business
• Food from Farm to Table Page 60
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What Affects the Price of Food?
• Supply and demand
– Supply of food is higher than consumer
demand, price is less
– If supply is short, price goes up
• Production and distribution costs
– Business needs to make a profit
– Fuel & labor costs rise so do prices
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• Shoplifting, damage to packages and
vandalism add to a store’s operating costs
• Increases price of food
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Technology & the Food Supply
• Ancestors relied on food produced where
they lived
• Now we enjoy locally grown foods to foods
from other areas
– Pineapple from Hawaii
– Vegetables from California, Florida, Mexico,
Central America, etc
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Food Production Today
• Hydroponics
• Method of growing vegetables indoors in
nutrient-rich solution rather than soil
• Light, temperature, & humidity controlled
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• Fish farming
• Method of growing fish or shellfish in
enclosed areas of water
• Areas of ocean are sectioned off for easy
harvest
• Greater yields of seafood
• Fish farms for fresh fish also
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• Greater understanding of genes
• “blueprints” in living cells carry information
about specific traits
• Develop foods with desirable qualities
– Disease-resistant
– Withstand severe weather
– Fruits that ripen on the tree without spoiling
– Vegetables with more vitamins
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Food Processing Today
• Food processing
• Methods of preparing and handling food for
safety, nutrition, convenience, and appeal
– Apples for ex; juice, applesauce, frozen apple pie,
frozen juice, dried slices
– Milk: in a carton, jug, bottle, added vitamins, adjusted
fat content
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Preservation Methods
• Shelf life
– Length of time food stay safe and appealing
to eat
• Commercial preservation methods
increase shelf life so we can enjoy them
longer
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• 1- Freezing
• Uses cold temperatures to slow down
bacterial growth that cause spoilage
• 2- canning
• Uses high heat to destroy harmful
bacteria, food is sealed in airtight
containers
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• 3- drying food
• Removes moisture that bacteria need to
survive
• 4 – irradiation
• Passing food through radiant energy, such
as X-rays
• Kills some forms of disease causing
bacteria without causing nutrient loss
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• 5 – curing
• Using salt, sugar, spices, sodium nitrate or
nitrite to preserve food
• Ham is an example of cured meat
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Packaging
• Aseptic packaging
– Layers of plastic, paperboard, aluminum foil,
let perishable food keep at room temp for
several months.
– Food is heated quickly to high temps
– Packaged in sterile containers
– Ex. Milk, juice, soup, tofu
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• Microwave-safe
– Plastic, paper, paperboard
– Offers convenience
– Put food tray directly into microwave or
conventional oven
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• Recyclable packaging
– Reduces waste
– Plastic container have recycling symbol
– Lower the number more easily it can be
recycled
– Aluminum cans, glass containers, paperboard
cartons that are gray inside can be recycled
too
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• Some preservation methods cause foods
to lose a small amount of their natural
nutrients
• Some vegetables lose nutrients between
the time they are harvested and when you
eat them
• Frozen and canned have about the same
amount of nutrients as fresh, depending
on how you handle them
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Food Additives
• Additives
• Substances added to foods during
processing to make them safer, more
appealing, or more nutritious
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1-Preserve
Additives extend shelf life
Prevent or slow growth of mold or bacteria
Reduce food spoilage and waster
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• 2- increase nutritional value
• Enrichment is adding back nutrients lost
in processing
• Fortifications is adding nutrients that
aren’t naturally present
– Milk is fortified with vitamin D
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• 3 – enhance flavor or appearance
• Flavorings and colorings add appeal to
prepared and processed foods
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• 4 – give special qualities to food
• Additive helps make ice cream smooth
and think
• Another keeps salt from clumping
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Additives
• Additives are carefully tested and controlled
• Food industry and government share the
responsibility for safe use
• Industry researches an additives safety
• FDA – food and drug administration evaluates
the research
• FDA regulates its safe use
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• Some people are sensitive to certain food
additives
• Use the ingredient list on packed foods to
see if the additive is included
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Convenience Foods
• Partly or fully prepared
• For the consumers convenience
• Frozen egg rolls, canned chili, dehydrated
soups
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Keeping Your Food Supply Safe
• Government and food industry share the
task to keep our food safe from farm to
point of purchase
• Consumer must stay informed
• Handle food safely from buying to serving
it
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Role of government
• Set regulations and standards for food
safety
• Safe use of pesticides and additives
• Watch of food industry to see if regulations
are followed
• Set standards for consumer information
such as food labels.
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Role of the Food Industry
• Farmers, food manufacturers, stores, and
restaurants must comply with government
regulations
• Must provide information about food safety
to consumers
• Have consumer hot lines to report food
safety problems
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World’s Food Supply
• Why does hunger exist??
• Climate or geography in some areas make
it difficult to grow food
• Lack of modern transportation
• Lack of fuel for cooking
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• Natural disasters, droughts, floods can
affect supply up to years
• Wars and other political conflicts that
destroy farms and transportation
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The Solution
• Organizations and agencies work to help
people in needs
• Educate people about simple, affordable
ways to increase amount of food they can
grow
• Search for new food products
• Search for new varieties of crops
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Summary
• Supply and demand, as well as production
and distribution costs, affects the price of
food
• Technological developments have led to
better and safe ways of producing,
processing, and preserving foods
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• The government and food industry are
responsible for keeping the food supply
safe
• Feeding the world population is a global
problem
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Questions
• 1. when might the cost of strawberries be
higher in December or June? Why?
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• 2. what technological advances have
increased the supply of vegetables year
round in colder regions?
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• 3. why might you buy frozen beans
instead of fresh beans?
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• 4. what are additives?
• Name at least 3 reasons why food
additives are used.
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• 5. Explain the difference between a
fortified food and an enriched food
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• 6. how does the government provide for
the safety of the food that you buy?
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• 7. why is hunger a serious problem in
some parts of the world?
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