Transcript Chapter 1
Computer Basics
Section
A
CHAPTER
PARSONS/OJA
1
Computer,
Internet, and
Network
Basics
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 2
Chapter
1
Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
Chapter PREVIEW
After this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the functions of a computer system
Identify the components of a personal
computer system
Describe operating systems
Describe Internet communications and basic
features
Explain how an e-mail system works
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 3
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What are the functions of a computer
system?
(1) accepts data as input, (2) processes data, (3) stores data,
4) produces output
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 4
Chapter
Section A
Computer Basics
1
Input
Input provides data for the computing system
Words in a document
Numbers for a calculation
Pictures
Automation
Scanners
EDI
• Reduce errors
• Fast
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 4
Chapter
Section A
Computer Basics
1
Input
Voice Recognition
Problems
• Training software
• Clear and precise enunciation
• Background noise
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 4
Chapter
Section A
Computer Basics
1
Processing
Processing is the way that a computer
manipulates data
performing calculations
sorting lists and numbers
drawing graphs
A computer processes data in a device called the
central processing unit (CPU)
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 4
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
Data, Information, and Files
Data is defined as the symbols, raw facts or
figures that represent people, events, things and
ideas
Information is data that is presented in a format
people can understand and use
Computers store data in digital format as a
series of 1s and 0s.
Each 1 or 0 is called a bit
Eight bits is called a byte
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 11
Chapter
Section A
Computer Basics
1
Output
Computer output is the results produced by the
computer
reports
documents
music
graphs
pictures
An output device displays, prints or transmits the
results of processing
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 4
Chapter
Section A
Computer Basics
1
Storage
A computer stores data so that it will be available
for processing
Memory is an area of a computer that holds data
that is waiting to be processed and for later use
Temporary
Storage is the area where data can be left on a
permanent basis
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 5
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What’s so significant about a
computer’s ability to store instructions?
A stored program means that a series of
instructions for a computing task can be loaded
into a computer’s memory
This concept allows you to use your computer for
multiple tasks over and over again
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 5
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
A computer stores data in files, right?
A file is a named collection of data that exists on a storage
medium
A data file contains data such as the text for a document
Generally what you create
An executable file contains the programs or instructions
that tell a computer how to perform a specific task
A filename extension describes a file’s contents
EXE
GIF
Back-up of computer files
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 11
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What is a personal computer system?
A personal computer system consists of the
following:
Computer system unit
Display device
Keyboard
Mouse
Floppy disk drive
Hard disk drive
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 9
Chapter
Section A
1
Computer Basics
What is a personal computer system?
Section A
CD-ROM or DVD drive / CD-writer
Sound card and speakers
Modem
Printer
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 10
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What is a personal computer system?
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 10
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What is a peripheral device?
A peripheral device designates equipment that
might be added to a computer to enhance its
functionality
Printer
Digital camera
Scanner
Joystick
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 11
Chapter
1
Section A Computer Basics
Application Software and Operating
Systems Basics
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 12
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What is application software?
Application software is a set of computer
programs that helps a person carry out a task
Create, edit, and print documents
Manage money accounts
Create and edit home movies
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 12
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
Is an operating system some type of
application software?
An operating system is essentially the master
controller for all activities that take place within a
computer
Acts as a “go between” for application
software and hardware
Why you know the name Bill Gates
Does this give Microsoft an advantage in
developing application software???
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 12
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What are the most popular operating
systems?
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Antitrust case
Microsoft required computer makers to install Internet
Explorer if they wanted to use Windows 95
• Designed to eliminate Netscape
Navigator??
Federal judge ruled Microsoft was a monopoly and was
abusing this power
Thankfully (for Microsoft) Bush was elected President
and settlement was negotiated
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 12
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
What are the most popular operating
systems?
Mac OS
Why you can’t run application software
designed for Windows on a Mac
Linux
Free operating system
• Stable
• Uses hardware efficiently
• Threat to Microsoft’s stranglehold on operating
systems?
Unix
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 12
Chapter
1
Section A
Computer Basics
How does an operating system affect
compatibility?
Two of the most important factors that influence
compatibility and define a computer’s platform
are the microprocessor and the operating system
Wintel
• Intel is the dominant force in microprocessors
• Windows is the primary operating system
• As a result, Microsoft and Intel have an
extraordinary amount of clout in the computer
industry
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 13
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
How does the Internet work?
The Internet is an international computer network
linked together to exchange data and distribute
processing tasks
Developed from a military project to “harden” data
communications infrastructure
Discussed further in Chapter 5
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 15
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
Where is all of the Internet data stored?
It is estimated that the Internet provides access to
more data than is stored in all the academic
research libraries in the U. S.
Most of the information is stored on servers which
are owned and maintained by government
agencies, corporations, small businesses,
schools, organizations, and even individuals
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 15
Chapter
1
Section C
Web Basics
What is the Web?
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - the Internet
address of a document on a computer
begin with http://
HTTP: protocol that allows Web browsers to
communicate with Web servers
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 27
Chapter
1
Section C
Web Basics
What is a browser?
Web browsers: software for accessing many
types of servers
Internet Explorer
Netscape
• Application software or system software?
A browser retrieves and displays web pages
HTML: commands controlling the display of the
web pages
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 28
Chapter
1
Section C
Web Basics
Exactly what does a browser do?
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 29
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
Internet Service Providers
What’s an ISP?
An ISP: provides Internet access to businesses,
organizations, and individuals
Local ISP: Consolidated Communications
National ISP: AOL, MSN
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 20
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
User ID’s and Passwords
A user ID: characters that becomes a person’s
unique identifier
A password: is a different series of characters
that verifies your identity
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 22
Passwords
What not to use
any form of any name
any or part of your user id
phone number, birthday or anniversary
license plate, social security or any number
any word
less than six characters
•
software to crack passwords
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Passwords
What to use
easy to remember
at least six characters
can be typed quickly
combination of letters, numbers, symbols
•
3nu$7%
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Passwords
Creating easy and secure passwords
an acronym, e.g. IlBUS1950!
the first letters and numbers of a sentence.
•
•
ImtTi1978.
I moved to Texas in 1978.
choose two short words and combine them
with a punctuation character
•
eiu+cold
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Passwords
Don’t…
write it down
check “Remember my password”
use simple reminders
Do…
Change your password every two months
Create different passwords for different types of
accounts
• Low security: WebCT
• High security: Online banking
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
What sort of resources does the
Internet provide?
Web Sites
Search engines
E-commerce: Chapter 6
E-mail
Chat groups and instant messaging
Internet telephony
Broadcasting
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 15
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
What sort of resources does the
Internet provide?
Web Sites –corporations, stores, magazines, and
more
Domain names www.ford.com
Not incredibly expensive
First come, first served www.isu.edu
mcgradyproperties.com
Cybersquatting
McDonalds.com
Lawsuits
• Reynolds.com
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 15
Search engines
Search engines
Individual
Searches
Limit searches to improve relevance
Chicago Bears
“ChicagoCubs”
“Chicago Cubs”, + losers
Cardinals, + winners
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Meta
Database of web pages
Chapter
1
Section C
Web Basics
Search Engines
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 31
Search engines
Search engines
Individual
Meta
Database of web pages
Searches
Spiders (bots) crawl through links
Index words on public web pages
Web page owners can submit pages
Searching index, not all of web!!
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Some web page owners pay
to have their pages shown
when you search for
“commercial” topics
Chapter
1
Section C
Web Basics
How do I use a form to find
information?
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 33
Search engines
Search engines
Individual
Meta
Topic Directory
Database of web pages
Multiple search engines
Hierarchy of topics
google.com
dogpile.com
yahoo.com
Only 60% overlap in
search engine content
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
When should you
use Yahoo instead
of a search
engine??
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
What sort of resources does the
Internet provide?
Chat groups and instant messaging –
interaction between users in real time
Internet telephony – telephone-style
conversations
Broadcasting – multicasting technology
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 16
Chapter
1
Section D
E-mail Basics
How do POP and SMTP work?
POP server –stores your incoming messages
until they can be transferred to your computer
Using POP mail requires e-mail client software
such as Microsoft Outlook
Outgoing mail is routed by an SMTP server
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 41
E-Mail
Use bcc: to
quickly send
messages to
multiple
“significant
others”???
Sending E-mail
cc:
bcc:
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
E-Mail
Responding to E-mail
Forward
Reply
Reply All
Responding to group messages
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
If you reply to a
message from
the class
listserv (the
class e-mail
list), who will
receive your
reply???
E-MAIL
Should you
keep 472
messages in
your In Box???
Managing E-mail
Move messages from your In-Box
Use folders
Delete messages you don’t move
Empty trash
Storage limits
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Should you
respond to junk
mail messages
to unsubscribe
from mailing
lists???
E-MAIL
Managing E-mail
Spam
Unsolicited commercial e-mail to multiple recipients
Unsubscribe??
Block Sender/Filters?? (BUS 1950)
Get a junk e-mail account
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
E-MAIL
Should
employers
monitor e-mail
messages of
their
employees??
?
E-mail privacy
Arcola
Sending electronic postcard
Donnelleys
Some employers monitor e-mail
Plaintiffs attorneys love e-mail
Prosecuting attorneys love e-mail
Bank of America
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Microsoft
Merrill
Lynch
Chapter
1
Section D
E-mail Basics
What’s an e-mail attachment?
An e-mail attachment is a file that travels with a
message to the recipient
Easy way to send a virus
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
Page 37