Transcript WheatCAP poster - Wheat Applied Genomics

A multi-state, multi-institution project, funded by
USDA/CSREES dedicated to the genetic improvement of
US wheat through research, education and extension
http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu
A few facts about wheat
US wheat breeders face
increasing demands for
improvements in quality, yield,
and disease and pest resistance
to remain competitive in
domestic and international
markets
Most of the wheat varieties grown in the
US (78%) are developed by public wheat
breeding programs. These breeding programs
develop varieties for 10 different wheat
market classes, aimed at different endproducts, such as bread, pasta and cookies.
Today, the combined use of traditional
breeding with genomics, genetics, and
bioinformatics opens a window of
opportunity to accelerate the development
of new wheat cultivars with enhanced
yield, quality and disease resistance.
Traditional selection and Marker Assisted Selection
Traditional breeding
methods include visual
selection followed by
quality and resistance tests
to select the best
combinations of targeted
traits.
In the example to the right,
a large team is required to
hand inoculate a field with
virus to select for resistant
lines.
Traits selected for MAS
Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)
Traditional Selection
Now, selections can be made
more efficiently with a
process called Marker
Assisted Selection (MAS)
where molecular markers
close to genes of interest are
used to assist breeders in
selecting the best gene
combinations.
Step 1. Infect
Plants
S
Step 2. Eliminate Susceptible Plants.
R= Resistant S= Susceptible
Wheat CAP members are
using MAS to improve yield,
quality, disease and pest
resistance concentrating on
traits selected by growers and
industry:
R R
S
R
Gluten Strength
Grain Protein
Grain Texture
Pre-harvest Sprouting
Pasta Color
Starch Quality
Nutritional Value
Aluminum Tolerance
Drought Tolerance
Dwarfing Genes
Grain Shattering
Growth Habit
Herbicide Resistance
Disease and Pest Resistance
Hundreds of seedlings can be
selected by a single person
utilizing MAS
R
Abiotic stress and
Agronomic
Quality
S
The arrow shows a diagnostic
band that is used to differentiate
between lines with and without
the virus resistance gene
Fungal diseases
Insects
Stripe Rust
Leaf and stem Rust
Fusarium Head Blight
Septoria Blotch
Eyespot, Tan Spot
Powdery Mildew
Glume Blotch
Hessian Fly
Wheat Sawfly
Greenbug
Orange Wheat Blossom Midge
Russian Wheat Aphid
Viruses
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
The Wheat CAP Project
Organization of the Wheat CAP project
Project Components
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Applied - implement Marker
Assisted Selection (MAS) in
public wheat breeding programs
Genotyping laboratory
wheat breeding programs
This project includes a large
consortium formed by:
Research - identify new traits and
develop new markers
Education – prepare future
scientists
Outreach – inform the public
including growers, end-users and
extension
Objective 1: Establish MAS in public
During the 1st year of the project:
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4 USDA-ARS
genotyping laboratories
CO
25 public wheat
breeding programs,
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GrainGenes database.
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Objective 5 Extension.
Attract students to
Agriculture
Inform growers and general public
about the impact of biotechnology
Our consortium is committed to train
the next generation of Plant Breeders.
Interactions with growers and endusers are mutually beneficial. We
provide information about MAS
technology and they provide
feedback to keep us focused on
relevant issues.
During the 1st year we delivered:
• More than 40 field days and
Objective 3. Explore SNP
discover new genes that improve wheat
yield, quality and disease resistance
technology in wheat and develop 50
polymorphic markers in 12 selected
populations.
Students are actively involved in
research and breeding activities.
• We tested 406 genome specific primers
and developed SNP assays for 255 of
them
Combine to Kitchen experiential field
trips encourage students to understand
growers and end-users perspectives.
Three educational trips were
completed in 2006
• The ND Genotyping laboratory screened
parental lines for polymorphisms
generating 47,400 datapoints.
• The mapping laboratories used those
polymorphisms to generate 265,000
mapping datapoints and map an average of
94 markers per population.
• 147 polymorphic SNP loci were
detected resulting in an average of 43
polymorphisms per population
• Polymorphic SNPs were mapped in
one of the targeted populations.
heterozygous
• Mapping populations were evaluated in
over 50 different environments for the
traits selected by growers and industry.
SNP mapping
by fluorescent
polarization
homozygous
A database was created in collaboration with
GrainGenes to deposit and query the data.
39 wheat germplasm were released
14 papers on MAS were published, including
an article in SCIENCE.
Objective 4. Education
Objective 2. Create genetic maps to
• Wheat CAP members created 18
different mapping populations.
Genotyping laboratories and
breeding programs performed more
than 120,000 DNA analyses to
implement MAS in all wheat growing
regions of the US.
During the 1st year we have trained
• 21 high-school interns
• 38 undergraduate students
• 31 graduate students
A dedicated Education Coordinator
• Prepared educational materials
• Made presentations to
FAA
NAAE
Tribal colleges
industry meetings
• MAS workshops
• A booth at Big Iron Farm Show
• A MAS symposium at the CSSA
meeting (> 120 people)
• Eight International lectures
The benefits we
expect...
✔ The
application of MAS and
genomics to improve wheat yield,
quality and enhance disease and
pest resistance will keep US wheat
competitive in the global economy
✔ Informing
the general public about
the importance of agriculture in
daily life and economy is necessary
to maintain the vitality of the sector
✔ Educating
a new generation of
breeders will ensure the long-term
impact of our current efforts