Transcript Macromolecules

Macromolecules
Macromolecules are the building
blocks of life
The Chemistry of Carbon
Organic Molecules Contain Carbon
Four electrons needed to fill outer orbital
Four types of Macromolecules
Carbohydrates – contain many
C – H bonds
Functions
Energy storage
Structural
Energy stored in
C – H bonds
Structure of Carbohydrates
Subunits are simple sugars
Contain – C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio
Monosaccharide – single
sugar molecule
Disaccharide – two sugar
molecules
Polysaccharide – many
sugars
Important in long term storage
of energy
Structural Carbohydrates – made of
glucose subunits.
Cellulose
Component of
plant cell walls
Cannot break
down, we do not
have the enzyme
Chitin – found in
animal shells
Lipids
Long term energy storage molecule
Lipids are nonpolar
Do not mix with water
Fats and Oils
Building blocks are fatty acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
Carbons have maximum
number of hydrogens
Single bonds between
the carbons
Present in hard animal
fats
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Internal carbons have
fewer hydrogens
Double bonds between
many carbons
Present in liquid plant oils
Phospholipids
Main components of cell
membranes
Forms lipid bilayer
Polar head faces out
Nonpolar tails face inward
Proteins perform the chemistry
of the cell
Functions
Enzyme catalysis
Facilitates biological reaction
Defense
Recognizes foreign cells
Transport
Transports small molecules and ions
Support
Fibrous proteins are structural
Motion
Muscle contractions due to sliding action
of actin and myosin filaments
Regulation
Hormones are intercellular messengers
Cell surface receptors receive
information
Amino Acids are the building blocks
of proteins
Proteins are chains of amino acids
Made of 20 different amino acids
Each protein has a unique amino acid
sequence
Varies in number and kinds of amino
acids
Nucleic Acids store genetic
information
Cellular information
storage device – The
Hereditary Material
DNA – deoxyribonucleic
acid – master molecule
RNA - ribonucleic acid –
template copy
Structure of Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide – composed of
Five-carbon ribose or deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate group
Organic nitrogen base