Transcript New products - Jessa Ziekenhuis

Jessa Ziekenhuis
Symposium Milieu en Gezondheid
Research & Ontwikkeling GGOs
Carel du Marchie Sarvaas
2012: Green Biotechnology Europe (GBE)
EuropaBio:
European Association of Biotechnology Industries
Three sectors
Industrial biotechnology :
Healthcare biotechnology :
Plant biotechnology :
Industrial processes
Pharmaceutical products
Agriculture/seeds
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• 62 corporate members (Healthcare + Industrial + Agbiotech)
• 6 associate members and 2 Bioregions
• 18 national biotech associations = +1800 biotech SMEs
9 Green biotech member companies
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Hunger today
Hunger Tomorrow?
Record speed of GM adoption
around the world…
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71 GM products in the EU approval
process
22 for cultivation
– 17 types of maize
– 2 types of potato
– 1 type of soybean
– 1 type of sugarbeet
49 for food, feed, import & processing
– 16 types of maize
– 12 types of cotton
– 11 types of soybean
– 6 types of rapeseed
– 1 type of potato
– 1 type of rice
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Insect-resistant Bt maize
• Improved crops
• Increased yields
• Increased income
• Cost savings
• Reduction of energy use
• Controlled targeting of pests
• Environment: low-/no-till
agriculture reduces erosion,
increases soil quality
Europe record example: Spanish Farmers
Worldwide 1996-2010: Farmer income
yield by 10%
$78 billion
Cumulative economic benefits 1996-2010: developing countries (50%) = Developed
50%
Sources: PG Economics 2011; ISAAA
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Environmental gains from GM
Preserved biodiversity
• Higher yields = less conversion of natural land to crop production
• If no longer access to biotech = 12.4 m ha extra area to offset yield loses
• Studies indicate GM crops have not decreased crop diversity
Reduced soil erosion
• Biotech crops = little or no-till practices
• Conserve soil moisture/reduce erosion
Lower CO2 emissions
• In 2009 GM crops facilitated 17.7 billion kg reduction of CO2 emissions =
removing 7.8 million cars from the roads for 1 year
Reduced input use
• More targeted or reduced pesticide spraying
Sources: Brookes, G. and P. Barfoot. 2011 Forthcoming
”Impacts of GM crops on biodiversity” , Janet E. Carpenter, Magazine GM Crops.
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R&D: GM crops in development
Traits
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Tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses (cold-, drought-, salt-tolerance)
Insect resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Nitrogen use efficiency
Yield increase
Fertility control
Improved grain quality
Modifications in oil, sugar, starch content
Protein quality and amino acid composition
Vitamin content
Nutritional quality
Flavor and postharvest quality
Reduced allergenicity
Grain processing
Amylase for ethanol production
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R&D:
Rapid development new products
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R&D:Global
Soybeandevelopments:
Industry Portfolio
Rapid
Pipeline
of biotech events and novel
releases
development
of trait
new
products
High Oleic
/
LowSat
(Monsanto)
Omega-3
Stearidonic
Acid
(Monsanto)
Modified
Protein
(Pioneer/DuP
ont)
Low RaffStach
(Virginia
Tech)
High-Oleic
(Pioneer/DuP
ont)
Low-Linolenic
(Syngenta)
2010
Imidazolinone
Tolerant
Brazil only.
(BASF/Embrapa Brazil)
RR2Y
(Monsanto)
Quality/Food
Agronomic
Commercialized
High-Oleic,
Stearate
(Pioneer/DuPont)
Feed: High Protein
Soybean
(Pioneer/DuPont)
2012
2020
LibertyLink (LL)
Glytol/HPPD
(Bayer)
(Bayer/MS
Technologies)
2,4-D
Tolerant
HPPD
Tolerant
Higher
Yield II
(Dow)
(Syngenta/
Bayer)
(Monsanto;
Pioneer/
DuPont)
Glytol / HPPD / LL
(Bayer/MS
Technologies)
LibertyLin
k (LL)
Bt/RR2Y
(Bayer)
(Monsanto)
Brazil only
Sclerotinia
Resistance
(Pioneer/
DuPont)
Dicamba
Tolerant
(Monsanto)
Source: Pipeline from Industry Sources; prepared by ASA, USSEC, USB. Updated May, 2011
GAT/
Glyphosat
e-ALS
Soybea
n
(Pioneer/
DuPont)
Rust
(Monsanto;
Syngenta;
Pioneer/DuPont)
Higher
Yield I
Aphid
Resistance
(Monsanto)
(Monsanto;
Pioneer/DuPont)
Disease
Resistance
(Syngenta;
Pioneer/
DuPont)
Nematode
Resistance
(Monsanto;
Syngenta;
Pioneer/
DuPont)
Lepidoptera
Resistance
(Pioneer/
DuPont)
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RVSD Biotech Pipeline 050311 V10
R&D: Where is GM going?
Who are the new developers?
• Rise of China, India and Brazil (and other emerging nations)
• New developers: public institutions and PP partnerships
Technologically
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First generation: Insect resistance and herbicide tolerance
Next : nutritional value, stress tolerance, disease resistance
New crops: emphasis on crops for developing world
New traits: climate change mitigation and adaptation
New techniques
New products
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Wheat, rice, potato
Cassava, cowpea
Sugar cane, sugar beet
Many vegetable species
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R&D: Three interesting GM
crops to cultivate in Europe
GM potato resistant to late blight
• Late blight most important potato diseases (20% losses)
• Resistance genes transferred from South-American wild potato
• Reduce pesticide use
Status: Field testing, submission in 2011 in EU
Drought-tolerant GM maize
• 1st and 2nd generation drought-tolerant crops under development
• Mitigates environmental impact to maximize yield with reduced water
• Relevant for water poor areas in southern Europe
Status: approved in US for commercialisation in 2012
GM HT sugarbeet
• High potential for European farmers
• Conventional crop has high weed controls costs
• Sugar beet is grown in all the EU countries
• EU farmers would substantially gain from adoption: €194 million
Status: Submitted in 2008, cultivated in NA since 2008
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R&D: Crops with interesting
health benefits (I)
Golden rice – vitamin A
• Contains beta-carotene and other carotenoids in the
endosperm (edible part of the grain)
• Carotenoids are converted in the human body into vitamin A
when the rice is consumed
• In 2005 a new variety called Golden Rice 2 was announced
which produces up to 23 times more beta-carotene than the
original variety of golden rice
• Neither variety is currently available for human consumption
Healthier oils
• Reduction of unhealthy trans-fatty acids in food through high
oleic soybeans
• Risk reduction of cardiovascular disease
• Production of healthy omega-3 fatty acids in canola
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R&D: Crops with interesting
health benefits (II)
Nutrient enhanced bananas
• Australian scientists have developed genetically modified bananas with
higher vitamin levels but are also rich with iron.
• Project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as a way of
combating malnutrition in Africa, particularly in Uganda, where bananas are a
staple food and very low in nutrients
• This project was extended by a project with India's department of
biotechnology to develop iron-rich bananas.
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Future numbers of GM crops
worldwide
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Conclusions
• Biotechnology is improving world agriculture
• 16+ million farmers globally – more than all EU farmers
• 8% growth rate - fastest adopted agricultural technology ….accelerating
• Widely accepted social, economic and environmental benefits
• “one of the tools” to increase global food, feed, fiber production
• Positive and unparalleled safety record
• EU adoption is slower due to heavy EU regulatory burden/consumer
fears
• Increased global investments in agbiotech, both science & technology
• 1st generation = agronomic products for farmers
• 2nd generation = new consumer products on the horizon
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