Transcript Why learn?

Opportunities
in
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology Facts
• More than 250 million people have received
biotech drug products and vaccines
• 350 biotech drug products and vaccines
currently in clinical trials
• Hundreds of medical diagnostic tests
approved
• Biotech crop acreage estimated at 125
million acres
Biotechnology Facts
• 1273 biotechnology companies in the U.S.,
of which over 300 are publicly held
• U.S. biotechnology industry employs
150,000 people
• $10.7 billion spent on R&D in 2000
• Revenues of $22.3 billion
Exhibit 9: Biotech Revenues Increase
(public and private)
$ 30
Industry Revenues ($ in Billions)
25
20
15
10
5
0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
Source: Ernst & Young
Exhibit 11: The Biotech Pipeline: Phase III Trials
Diagnostics/Radiopharmaceuticals/Contrast Agents 4%
Respiratory/Pulmonary 5%
Metabolic 5%
Ophthalmic/Ophthalmologic/Eye 4%
Vaccines/Adjuvants 4%
Gynecological & Genito-Urinary 3%
Blood & Coagulation 6%
Other 15%
Cardiovascular 6%
Infectious & Viral Diseases 9%
Cancer 28%
Nervous System 11%
Sources: NDA Pipeline, Ernst & Young
Overview of the Drug Discovery Process
Discovery
(2-10 years)
Preclinical Testing
(Lab and animal testing)
Phase I
(20-30 healthy volunteers used to
check for safety and dosage)
Phase II
(100-300 healthy volunteers used to
check for efficacy and side effects)
Phase III
(1,000-5,000 patients volunteers used to
monitor reactions to long-term drug use)
FDA Review & Approval
Post-Marketing Testing
Years
0
Source: Ernst & Young
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Overview of the Drug Screening and
Selection Process
5,000 to 10,000
compounds screened
250 lead candidates
in preclinical testing
5 drug candidates
enter clinical testing:
80% pass Phase 1
30% pass Phase 2
80% pass Phase 3
One drug approved
by the FDA
Source: Ernst & Young
Clinical Development
– Phased Clinical Development
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•
Phase 1: define dosing regimen(s) & acute safety
Phase 2: estimate efficacy & safety in patients
Phase 3: prove comparative efficacy & safety
Phase 3b & 4: differentiate in the marketplace
– “Plan for Success” of every compound
• parallel uncoordinated activities
• high resource expenditures
What Does Industry Look For?
•
•
•
•
Ethical
Energetic
Creative
Good training in fundamentals of scientific
inquiry
• Relevant background in specific discipline or
field
• Good "people skills"
– communication
– team orientation
Academic Training:
An Industrial Report Card
• Scientific Method/Experimental Design
A
• Technical Competence
A
• Communication:
Scientific hypotheses/data/results
A-C
As member of interdisciplinary team
C-
Project/team leadership & mgmt.
D
What Kinds of Teams Do You Find in a Biotech
Company?
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•
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Project Teams (Research)
Product Development Teams
Money Raising Teams
Business Development Teams
Marketing and Sales Teams
Characteristics of Great Teams
• Great teams have to work together
• Members have a common vision
Characteristics of Great Teams
• People on great teams are optimistic, not
realistic. They believe they can do things
no one else has ever done before. This is
not realism.
• Studies have shown that optimists - even
when their optimism isn’t warranted accomplish more than people who are
pessimists.
Characteristics of Great Teams
• On great teams, the right person has the right job.
It’s absolutely essential to find the right niche for
each person or to let them find their own perfect
niche.
• It’s too easy to believe that people are
interchangeable. Truly talented people are rarely
interchangeable.
Characteristics of Great Teams
• Great teams are not micro-managed.
• Members of the group need to have
relative autonomy in order to be
creative.
Characteristics of Great Teams
• Share information effectively.
• Require a lot of ideas and these ideas
have to be shared.
• Prefer civility as the social climate for
creative collaboration
TOYS $$$ Education
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Write down ONE thing from each slide.
Title your paper “Toys $$$ Education”
Place your name, pd, date, etc on paper
Your binder should now have:
– 1. Scavenger hunt
– 2. Latin words
– 3. This paper
No High School
• Own boss
Millions to bankruptcy
•
$40,000 - $80,000 - $1,000,000+
• ??????????
• Fast food $5,000 - $15,000
• Work for Family
?
• Do they want you to work for them ???
High School degree
• Non specialized + doing what others tell
you to do everyday $20,000 - $40,000
• ???
What about that job at the mills my
parents got right out of high school?
• The mills are highering fewer people. All
new highers have education beyond high
school.
Trade / AA degree
• Factory laborer
$20,000 - $65,000
• Mechanic, Electrician, Plumber
• Nurse, Message therapist, Secretary
•
$20,000 - $80,000
• Store Manager
• ???
$30,000 - $80,000
College
•
•
•
•
•
Specialized in a field
Education
$35,000 - $65,000
Environmental
$25,000 - $95,000
Business
$30,000 - $100,000
???
Masters / PhD
•
•
•
•
•
Doctor
$100,000 - $300,000
Lawyer
$60,000 - $400,000
Director of business$80,000 - $160,000
VP of a business $120,000 - $500,000
CEO / Boss
$280,000 - $800,000+
What do you want?
• Want
• Apartment
Need for Income
$25,000
– (what education do you need to afford an apartment?)
– (If you have a roommate and share $, what education do you need?)
• House small 3 bedroom
$40,000
» ($200,000)
• House medium 3 bdrm
$60,000
» ($250,000)
• House w/land, 10 acres
• Large house
($300,000 +)
» ($350,000+)
$70,000
$100,000+
Toys
• Want
• Nice car
Extra Income needed
$5,000 / year more
» New car ($20,000)
• Boat
$5,000
• Wave runner, motor bike, 4 wheeler $3,000 /yr/each
» ($3,000 each + supplies)
• Vacations
$2,000/person in family
» ($1,500 min to Hawaii, Vegas, Disneyland)
• Get Married
• New clothes, eat out, etc
$5,000-20,000 more
$???,???
Retirement??????????
• Do you plan on working your entire life?
• Are you saving money so you can retire
when you are 65 years old? Add $5,000+/yr
• What if your car breaks down? $1,000
• What if you get sick?
$1,000-$10,000
Education level
• 1. Add up what you want in the future in
regards to the income you’ll need to have.
• 2. What education level will you need and
how many years till you’ll probably get
there?
• Answer ____________________