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An Introduction to Art History:
Artists, Artwork, and Art Movements
Renaissance, Baroque, Impressionism, Pointillism,
Cubism, Expressionism, Abstract Expressionism,
Surrealism, Pop Art
Leonardo Da Vinci, Rembrandt, Vincent Van Gogh,
Claude Monet, Salvador Dali, Jackson Pollock,
Andy Warhol, George Seurat, Pablo Picasso,
Edvard Munch
Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Caravaggio, Georges Braque, Paul
Cezanne,Janz Vermeer, Henri Mattise, Wassily Kandinsky, Georgio
O’keefe, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Paul Klee, Raphael,
Paul Gauguin, M.C. Escher, Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, Roy
Lichtenstein, Jasper Johns
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Matching – Artist with Artwork
and Art Movement
ARTIST
Jackson Pollock
WORK
ART MOVEMENT
Andy Warhol
Pablo Picasso
Vincent Van Gogh
Claude Monet
Leonardo Da Vinci
Salvador Dali
Edvard Munch
George Seurat
Rembrandt Van Rijn
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d.
c.
b.
a.
e.
f.
g.
j.
i.
h.
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d.
c.
b.
a.
e.
f.
g.
j.
i.
h.
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Matching – Artist with Artwork
and Art Movement
ARTIST
Jackson Pollock
Andy Warhol
Pablo Picasso
WORK
b.
j.
d.
ART MOVEMENT
Abstract Expressionism
Pop Art
Cubism
Vincent Van Gogh
a.
Impressionism
Claude Monet
Leonardo Da Vinci
h.
i.
Impressionism
High Renaissance
Salvador Dali
Edvard Munch
e.
c.
Surrealism
Expressionism
George Seurat
g.
Pointillism
Rembrandt Van Rijn
f.
Baroque (Chiaroscuro)
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The Renaissance
• Centered in Italy in the 15th - 16th century
• The Renaissance was a period of great creative and intellectual activity,
during which artists broke away from the restrictions of the previous era.
• Throughout the 15th century, artists studied the natural world in order to
perfect their understanding of such subjects as anatomy and
perspective.
• The Renaissance can be described in two parts, the Early Renaissance
and the High Renaissance.
• The High Renaissance was the culmination of the artistic developments
of the Early Renaissance, and one of the great explosions of creative
genius in history.
• It is notable for three of the greatest artists in history: Michelangelo
Buonarroti, Raphael Sanzio and Leonardo da Vinci.
Follow the links below to study the gallery of each period.
Early Renaissance
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/
High Renaissance
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The Early Renaissance
Browse through the
The 15th Century
(1400’s)
Gallery of Early Renaissance art.
Write down your answers to these questions. If you don’t know, make
some guesses.
What are some of the common themes or subjects of the artworks from this period?
What part of society seems to heavily influence the artwork of this period?
If you had to guess, who do you think was paying for (or commissioning) many of these
artworks?
Look closely at the subjects of the artworks. How realistic are they? (Let’s say on a
scale of 1-10) Explain why you think so.
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The Early Renaissance
The 15th Century
(1400’s)
Characteristics of Early Renaissance Art:
Student Notes:
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
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The Early Renaissance
The 15th Century
(1400’s)
Characteristics of Early Renaissance Art:
Notes:
Subject matter – Religious People – Mary and Jesus
paid for Catholic church – lots of gold
Realism – 4-6 out of 10. Proportions wrong, exaggerated,
perspective wrong – 2D (flat)
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
Sandro Botticelli
[Italian Painter, ca.1445-1510]
Title: The Birth of Venus, c.1485
Artist: Sandro Botticelli
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The High Renaissance
Browse through the
The 16th Century
(1500’s)
Gallery of High Renaissance art.
Write down your answers to these questions. If you don’t know, make
some guesses.
There is a very common subject matter that appears in at least 10 works in this gallery.
Can you find what it is?
What does this tell us about the artwork of this period?
Look closely at the subjects of the artworks. How realistic are they? (Let’s say on a
scale of 1-10) Explain why you think so. Do you think they are more or less realistic
than in the previous period?
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The High Renaissance
The 16th Century
(1500’s)
Characteristics of High Renaissance Art:
Notes:
There is a significant shift from the Early Renaissance
Catholic church’s control over art world is decreasing
Realism in artwork is increasing substantially
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The High Renaissance
Famous Artists:
The 16th Century
(1500’s)
Famous Artworks:
[Italian High Renaissance Painter
and Inventor, 1452-1519]
Michelangelo Buonarroti
[Italian High Renaissance/Mannerist Painter
and Sculptor, 1475-1564]
Title: Vitruvian Man, c. 1485
The Last Supper, c. 1498
The Mona Lisa, c. 1507
Self Portrait, c. 1515
Title: The Pieta, c. 1499
David, c. 1498, c. 1504
The Sistine Chapell, c. 1512
Raphael Sanzio
[Italian High Renaissance Painter,
1483-1520]
Title: The School of Athens, c. 1511
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The Baroque Period
The 17th Century
(1600’s)
• Baroque Art developed in Europe around 1600, as an reaction against
the intricate and formulaic Mannerism that dominated the Late
Renaissance. Baroque art is more realistic and more emotionally
affecting than Late Renaissance art.
• One of the great periods of art history, Baroque Art was developed by
Caravaggio,Gianlorenzo Bernini and Annibale Carracci, among
others. This was also the age of Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer and
Velázquez.
• Michelangelo Caravaggio, and Rembrandt Van Rijn are two of the
most celebrated painters of all time. They made famous a style of
chiaroscuro in visual art that is still essential today. Chiaroscuro is a
term in art for a contrast between light and dark. Some of Rembrandt
and Caravaggio’s work are among of the greatest examples of the
style of chiaroscuro.
• In the 18th century, Baroque Art was replaced by the more elegant and
elaborate Rococo art style.
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The Baroque Period
The Baroque Period
Characteristics of Baroque Art:
Notes:
What is the Italian word for an emphasis on the contrast between light and dark?
Chiaroscuro
How realistic are the paintings from this era?
A dramatic increase in realism – some of the most realistic paintings of all time are from the
Baroque Period.
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
Rembrandt Van Rijn
[Dutch Baroque Era Painter and Engraver, 1606-1669]
Michelangelo Caravaggio
[Italian Baroque Era Painter, ca.1571-1610]
Jan Vermeer
[Dutch Baroque Era Painter, 1632-1675]
Title: The Nightwatch, c.1642
Artist: Rembrandt
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Impressionism
What century?
____________
(
)
• Impressionism is a light, spontaneous manner of painting which began
in France as a reaction against the restrictions and conventions of the
dominant Academic art.
The movement's name was derived from Monet's early work,
Impression: Sunrise, which was singled out for criticism by Louis Leroy
upon its exhibition.
The hallmark of the style is the attempt to capture the subjective
impression of light in a scene , most commonly landscapes.
The core of the earliest Impressionist group was made up of Claude
Monet, Alfred Sisley and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Others
associated with this period were Vincent Van Gogh, Camille
Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, and Mary Cassatt.
The Impressionist style was probably the single most successful and
identifiable "movement" ever, and is still widely practiced today. But as
an intellectual school it faded towards the end of the 19th century,
branching out into a variety of successive movements which are
generally grouped under the term Post-Impressionism. Pointillism is
the most popular Post-Impressionist movement.
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Impressionism
Impressionism
Characteristics of Impressionist Art:
What century?
Late 19th century
(1860’s – 80’s)
Notes: Impressionism is the attempt to capture the subjective impression of light in a
scene, most commonly landscapes
Not about realism, not about neatness or sharp clear images
An attempt to capture the feel of a scene
Often brushstrokes are quite visible – even emphasized as in Monet / Van Gogh
Famous Artworks:
Famous Artists:
Claude Monet
[French Impressionist Painter, 1840-1926]
Vincent Van Gogh
[Dutch Post-Impressionist Painter, 1853-1890]
Pierre- Auguste Renoir
[French Impressionist Painter, 1841-1919]
Also Edgar Dugas, Alfred Sisley,
Camille Pissaro, Edouard Manet
Title: Impression: Sunrise, c.1893
Artist: Claude Monet
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Sisley
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Pointillism
What century?
____________
(
)
• Pointillism is the most popular Post-Impressionist movement.
• Pointillism is a form of painting in which tiny dots of primary-colors are
used to generate secondary colors. It is an offshoot of Impressionism,
and is usually categorized as a form of Post-Impressionism. It is very
similar to Divisionism, except that where Divisionism is concerned with
color theory, Pointillism is more focused on the specific style of
brushwork used to apply the paint.
The term "Pointillism" was first used with respect to the work of
Georges Seurat, and he is the artist most closely associated with
the movement. The relatively few artists who worked in this style also
included Paul Signac and Henri-Edmond Cross.
Pointillism is considered to have been an influence on Fauvism.
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Pointillism
Pointillism
What century?
____19th_____
(Late 1800’s)
Characteristics of Pointillism (Post-Impressionist) Art:
Notes: Often called Post-Impressionism, like impressionism – trying to capture
an impression – not about realism
Is a style of painting in which small dots or points of paint are applied
to the canvas
The human eye blends the dots to create richer colour tones than those
actually painted
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
Georges Seurat
[French Pointillist Painter,
1859-1891]
Title: Sunday Afternoon on the
Island of La Grand Jatte, c.1886
Artist: Georges Seurat
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Cubism
What century?
____________
(
)
• Cubism was developed between about 1908 and 1912 in a
collaboration between Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. Their main
influences are said to have been Tribal Art (although Braque later
disputed this) and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was
not long-lived or widespread, but it began an immense creative
explosion which resonated through all of 20th century art.
The key concept underlying Cubism is that the essence of an object
can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view
simultaneously.
Cubism had run its course by the end of World War I, but among the
movements directly influenced by it were Orphism, Precisionism,
Futurism, Purism, Constructivism, and, to some degree,
Expressionism.
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Cubism
Cubism
Characteristics of Cubist Art:
What century?
____________
(
)
The key concept underlying Cubism is that the essence of an object can
Notes: only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view
simultaneously.
An object is broken apart and reassemble in cube-like pieces
Artists very much inspired by music –
the guitar or guitarist is a common subject
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
Pablo Picasso, Georges
Braques
Paul Cezanne
Title: Three Musicians
Artist: Pablo Picasso
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Surrealism
What century?
____________
(
)
• Surrealism is a style in which fantastical visual imagery from the
subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the work
logically comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in 1924, it was a
primarily European movement that attracted many members of the
chaotic Dada movement. It was similar in some elements to the
mystical 19th-century Symbolist movement, but was deeply influenced
by the psychoanalytic work of Freud and Jung.
The Surrealist circle was made up of many of the great artists of the
20th century, including Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, Jean Arp, Man
Ray, Joan Miro, and Rene Magritte. Salvador Dali, probably the single
best-known Surrealist artist, broke with the group due to his right-wing
politics (during this period leftism was the fashion among Surrealists,
and in fact in almost all intellectual circles).
The Magic Realists were American artists somewhat influenced by the
Surrealists
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Surrealism
Surrealism
What century?
Early – 20th
( 1920’s – 50’s)
Characteristics of Surrealist Art:
Notes: Dreamlike, visual images from artist’s mind
Unreal, unrealistic, purposely not logical
Inspired by Sigmund Freud and Jung
Make you think
Famous Artworks:
Famous Artists:
Salvador Dali
[Spanish Surrealist Painter, 1904-1989]
Max Ernst
[German-born French Dadaist/Surrealist Painter,
1891-1976]
Giorgio de Chirico
[Greek-born Italian Surrealist Painter and Sculptor,
1888-1978]
Title: The Persistance of Memory,
c.1931
Artist: Salvador Dali
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Expressionism
•
What century?
____________
(
)
Expressionism is a style in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject
accurately, but instead to portray it in such a way as to express the inner state
of the artist. The movement is especially associated with Germany, and was
influenced by such emotionally-charged styles as Symbolism, Fauvism, and
Cubism.
There are several different and somewhat overlapping groups of Expressionist
artists, including Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider"), Die Brücke ("The
Bridge"), Die Neue Sachlichkeit ("The New Objectivity") and the Bauhaus
School.
Leading Expressionists included Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George
Grosz and Amadeo Modigliani.
In the mid-20th century, Abstract Expressionism (in which there is no subject at
all, but instead pure abstract form) developed into an extremely influential style
in the United States.
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Expressionism
Expressionism
Characteristics of Expressionist Art:
What century?
Early – 20th
(1900’s – 40’s)
in Germany
Notes: Expressionism is a style in which the intention is not to reproduce a
subject accurately,
But instead to express the inner emotion of the artist.
Uses objects from the real world
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
[Russian-born French Expressionist Painter, 1866-1944]
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner [1880-1938 German
Painter/Sculptor]
Paul Klee, Edvard Munch, Emily Carr
Title: The Scream, c.1886
Artist: Edvard Munch
Title: On White II, c.1923
Artist: Wassily Kandinsky
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Abstract Expressionism
What century?
____________
(
)
• a type of art in which the artist expresses himself purely through the
use of form and color.
• It non-representational, or non-objective, art, which means that there
are no actual objects represented.
• Now considered to be the first American artistic movement of
international importance, the term was originally used to describe the
work of Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky.
• The movement can be more or less divided into two groups: Action
Painting, typified by artists such as Pollock, de Kooning, Franz Kline,
and Philip Guston, stressed the physical action involved in painting;
Color Field Painting, practiced by Mark Rothko and Kenneth Noland,
among others, was primarily concerned with exploring the effects of
pure color on a canvas.
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Abstract Expressionism
Abstract Expressionism
What century?
Mid – 20th
( 1940’s – 50’s)
Characteristics of Abstract Expressionist Art:
artist expresses himself purely through the use of form and color.
Notes:
It is non-representational, or non-objective, art, which means that there
are no actual objects represented.
the first American artistic movement of international importance
two groups: Action Painting (Pollock, de Kooning, Kline)
and Color Field Painting (Rothco, Kline)
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
Jackson Pollock [American Abstract Expressionist
Painter, 1912-1956]
Willem de Kooning [Dutch-born American Abstract
Expressionist Painter, 1904-1997]
also
Franz Kline, Mark Rothko, Lee Krasner
Jackson Pollock’s ‘splatter paintings’ like
this one - Title: Number 8, c. 1948
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Pop Art
What century?
____________
(
)
• Pop Art is a style of art which explores the
everyday imagery that is so much a part of
contemporary consumer culture. Common
sources of imagery include advertisements,
consumer product packaging, celebrity
photographs, and comic strips.
Leading Pop artists include Andy Warhol and Roy
Lichtenstein, as well as Jasper Johns, James
Rosenquist, Robert Indiana, Robert Rauschenberg.
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Pop Art
Pop Art
What century?
Mid – 20th
( 1950’s – 60’s)
Characteristics of Pop Art:
Notes: The subject of the art is Popular Culture
explores the everyday imagery of consumer objects and Pop celebrity
Famous Artists:
Famous Artworks:
Andy Warhol, [American Pop Artist, 19281987]
Roy Lichtenstien, [American Pop Artist,
1923-1997]
Jasper Johns, James Rosenquist,
Robert Indiana, Robert Rauschenberg
Title: Campbell Soup Series II 1968 Old Fashion
Artist: Andy Warhol
Title: Girl With Hair Ribbon
Artist: Roy Lichtenstien
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