Transcript 1-introduction substance abuse DSM5 26.4.2016x

Substance Abuse
What is Substance Abuse
• “Is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is
characterized by compulsive drug seeking and
use, despite harmful consequences”.
• It is considered a brain disease because drugs
change the brain—they change its structure
and how it works.
• These brain changes can be long-lasting, and
can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in
people who abuse drugs
• What are the type of Substance
Misuse/Abuse/Addiction
Commonly Misused
Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drug
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Aspirin
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Ibuprofen
Nasal sprays
Laxatives
Diet pills
Eye drops
Sleep aids
Cough syrup
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DSM-5 Substance Abuse Disorders
Alcohol
Amphetamines
Cannabis
(marijuana)
Cocaine
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Nicotine
Opioids
Phencyclidine
Sedativehypnotics
Anxiolytics
Caffeine
Other Addictions
• Gambling
• Computers
– (technology)
• Food (hamburgers –combination of salt sugar
and fat)
• Chocolate
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• Sugar
• Cheese
• Coffee
• Shopping
Myths About Drugs, Addiction,
and Recovery
Deni Carise, Ph.D. Chief Clinical Officer, Phoenix House
- See more at: http://www.phoenixhouse.org/newsand-views/our-perspectives/ten-popular-myths-drugsaddiction-recovery/#sthash.n3EoxnWM.dpuf
Myth #1
• If it’s a prescription, it must be safe; you can’t
get addicted to something your doctor
prescribes.
• Although many medications are perfectly safe if
taken in the prescribed dosage for a short period
of time, prolonged use can be dangerous—and,
yes, addictive. Some prescription drugs are
especially hazardous if the user exceeds the
prescribed dosage or takes a combination of
drugs.
Myth #2
• “Natural” drugs are safer than synthetic
ones.
• Marijuana and other “natural” highs still alter
brain chemistry and produce dangerous side
effects.
• They aren’t harmless just because they grow
in the ground.
Myth #3
• If you have a high alcohol tolerance, you
don’t have a drinking problem.
• If you feel nothing after several drinks, you DO
have a problem. A casual drinker wouldn’t be
able to finish a couple of six-packs—and if
they did, they’d feel very sick. If you’re
drinking this much and feeling fine, you need
help.
Myth #4
• If you have a stable job and family life, you’re
not addicted.
• You may still have a job or career, a loving spouse
and kids, and still have a drug or alcohol problem.
Just ask any physician in recovery—many of them
practiced for years without anyone recognizing
their drug addiction. Holding down a job doesn’t
mean you’re not addicted—it could mean that
you have a tolerant spouse or boss, or you are in
a career that puts up with excessive drug or
alcohol use.
Myth #5
• Drug addiction is a choice.
• Drug use is a choice, and prolonged use
changes your body and brain chemistry. When
that happens, the user no longer appears to
have a choice—this is when use and misuse
become addiction.
Myth #6
• Detox is all you need. You aren’t addicted
after you finish detox.
• Detox is difficult and it’s just the beginning.
The new “ultra rapid detox” programs can be
dangerous and even deadly. Finally, detox is
the first step towards recovery, but addiction
is a chronic illness—like diabetes, asthma or
hypertension, it needs to be managed
throughout the lifespan. There is no cure
Myth #7
• If someone in recovery uses drugs or alcohol
again, they’ll be right back where they were
when they first quit.
• This can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. If you
believe that one drink will throw you back to
“square one,” then it will. However, it is
entirely possible to relapse, realize your
mistake, and get right back in recovery
Myth #8
• You need to be religious in order to get sober.
• Sobriety doesn’t require you to believe in God
or subscribe to any organized religion. It helps,
however, if you believe in humanity, family,
community, and the good aspects of
yourself—beliefs that are greater and stronger
than your own daily life with drugs
Myth #9
• Addicts are bad people.
• Addicts aren’t “bad” people trying to get “good,”
they’re sick people trying to get well. They don’t
belong to a particular race or exist only in certain
parts of the country. They are lawyers, farmers,
soldiers, mothers and grandfathers who struggle
with drug dependence on a daily basis. They are
proof that addiction doesn’t discriminate—but,
thankfully, neither does recovery.
Myth #10
• It can’t hurt to try a drug just once.
• Some health effects of substance abuse take time
to develop. But others can appear the very first
time of use. Fatal overdoses can occur to people
who have never before used a substance. Even if
the drug itself doesn’t harm you, it can affect
your decision-making process and your common
sense. You might do something you regret while
under the influence.
Myth #11
• Marijuana is a safe drug, especially if you only
use it occasionally.
• Studies show real dangers linked to its use. When
you start smoking at a young age, marijuana
damages your cognitive and social development,
and you stand about a 1 in 6 chance of becoming
addicted. Plus, you risk many of the same
problems as cigarette smokers, including
bronchitis, asthma and emphysema.
Myth #12
• Stimulants can help you focus at school or
work.
• In reality, the initial rush of exhilaration and
energy these drugs sometimes provide quickly
turns into paranoia, hostility, panic, and the
desire to harm yourself or others.
Myth #13
• Only street drugs can harm your health or cause
addiction.
• More people die from overdosing on prescription
painkillers than from cocaine and heroin
combined.
• Many prescription or over-the-counter drugs can
be, and are, used in ways other than improving
health. You can get hooked on cough syrup, antianxiety medications, stimulants, and others—and
doing so poses serious risks to your health.
Myth #14
• Substance abuse is a choice—or a character
flaw.
• A person makes the choice to use an addictive
substance for the first time, or on occasion.
• But over time, drugs change the brain in ways
that transform substance use from a habit into a
disease. Symptoms include changes in mood and
memory, altered motor skills, and a shift in
motivation so that the thing that matters most is
getting the next fix.
Myth #15
• Substance abusers don’t require treatment; they
just need to try harder to quit.
• Just as dependence isn’t a choice, quitting isn’t
either.
• Sheer willpower usually isn’t enough to get
someone to quit using. The process involves
more than just detoxification from the substance
involved. After withdrawal, treatment can include
counseling, group therapy, and medications.
• Recovery is a process that can take time and
several attempts to return to health and
substance-free living.
Why do people take drugs?
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To feel good
To feel better
To do better
Curiosity and "because others are doing it.“
What factors increase risk of addiction?
Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Abuse and
Addiction
Addiction
Risk Factors
Protective Factors
Aggressive behavior in childhood
Good self-control
Lack of parental supervision
Parental monitoring and support
Poor social skills
Positive relationships
Drug experimentation
Academic Competence
Availability of drugs at school
School anti-drug policies
Community poverty
Neighborhood pride