Transcript Pharmacology Final Tutorial Sesion

Summer 2009
Pharmacology concepts
 Pharmacology terminology list-review
 Phases of pharmacology
 Pharmaceutic
 Pharmacokinetic
 Pharmacodynamic
 Chapter 3
 Five rights and drug administration- sites, needle sizes
for IM versus SQ
 Administering an inhaler, ear, and eye medications
Chapter 5
 FDA Pregnancy Categories- Pg. 126
 Scheduled Categories of Controlled Substances-Pg.122
 Drugs of abuse: Chapter 8
 Stimulants: nicotine, cocaine, Amphetamines, caffeine
 Depressants: Alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, barbiturates,
Benzodiazepines, opioids
 Cannabis
 Inhalants
Adrenergic and Adrenergic Blockers
Chapter 17
 Adrenergics-agonists
 Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
 Epinephrine, Albuterol, Clonidine, norepinephrine,
dopamine, pseudoephedrine, dexatrim
 Adrenergic blockers-antagonists
 Drugs that block or inhibit a response at the alphaadrenergic receptor site
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Alpha-blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers
Beta blockers-decrease the heart rate; decrease the blood
pressure; bronchoconstriction
Atenolol, coreg, labetalol, propranolol(Inderal)
Cholinergic and Anticholinergics
Chapter 18
 Cholinergic-Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic
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nervous system (parasympathomimetics)
Mimic the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach)
Major response stimulate bladder and GI tone, constrict
the pupils of the eyes, increase neuromuscular
transmission.
Urinary drug disorders-Urecholine
Cholinergic overdose-ANTIDOTE: Atropine
Signs of overdose; salivation, sweating, abdominal cramps
and flushing.
Cholinergic crisis: muscular weakness and increased
salivation
Anticholinergic
 Drugs that inhibit the action of acetylcholine;
cholinergic blocking agents.
 Atropine, Reglan, Miostat, Mytelase
 Common side effects: Dry mouth, decreased
perspiration, blurred vision, tachycardia, constipation,
urinary retention.
CNS stimulants Chapter 19
 Treat: ADHD, narcolepsy,
 Meds: Ritalin, Amphetamines, Adderall
 Major Side effects: insomnia, anorexia, dizziness,
nervousness, tachycardia
 Anorexiants: treat obesity (watch for tolerance, short term
use only)
 Meridia, Adepex
 Analeptics: stimulate respiration
 Caffeine, theophylline
CNS Depressants Chapter 20
 Sedatives/Hypnotics
 Sedatives used mostly during the daytime
 Hypnotics used mostly at night to induce sleep
 Meds used: barbiturates,
 Benzodiazepines-Restoril, Halcion, xanax, Prosom
 Non Benzodiazepine: Lunesta, zolpidem (Ambien);
Treat insomnia-short term use only.
Anticonvulsants Chapter 21
 Uses: seizure disorders
 Chart pg 324
 Meds: hydantoins(Dilantin)
 Serum level 10-20
 Symptoms of Toxicity: Nystagmus, ataxia
 Major side effects: gingival hyperplasia
 One anticonvulsant (Neurotin) used for diabetic
neuropathy (nerve pain)
Alzheimer and Parkinsonism
Chapter 22
 Drugs used to treat these disorders:
 What to teach the family and client?
Neuromuscular Disorders Chapter 23
 Muscle relaxants
 Myasthenia Gravis
 Muscle Spasms
 Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Antinflamatory Drugs Chapter 24
 Uses:
 Medications: NSAIDS, Gout medications, DMARDS-
Enbrel, Remicade
 Salicylates- Aspirin
 Ibuprofin
 Client Teaching:
Nonopioid and Opioid Analgesics
Chapter 25
 Pain management
 Acetaminophen Antidote: Mucomyst
 Morphine, Demerol, hydromorphone
 PCA-patient controlled analgesic
 Monitor your client for…
Psychiatric Agents Chapter26
 AntiPsychotics
 Sedatives –given during the day
 Hypnotics-given at night
 Monitor client for????
 Teach your client????
Antidepressants and Mood
stabilizers: Chapter 27
 Categories of Antidepressants:
 Mood stabilizers: Lithium: Serum level:
Anti Infectives: Chapter 28-33
 Penicillin
 Cephlasporins
 Macrolides
 Tetracyclines
 Aminoglycosides
 Fluoroquinolones
 Vancomycin
 Sulfonamides
 Antitubicular
 Antifugals
Respiratory Drugs Chapter 39,40
 Bronchodilators
 Albuterol
Steroid Therapy
Using an inhaler
Over the Counter medication
Cardiac medications: Chapter 41
 Digoxin: Cardioglycosides
 Serum levels
 Antidote
 Signs of toxicity
 What is used for:
 Antianginals: Nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers,
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beta blockers
Used for:
How to administer
Side effects
Teach your client about???
Cardiac continued:
 Antidysrhythmic Drugs
 Used for:
 Meds: amiodorone, lidocaine, cardizem, verapamil
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Diuretics: Chapter 42:
Potassium sparing
Loop diuretics
Teach your client
Fluid and electrolyte levels to monitor
Monitor for effectiveness how???
Antihypertensives
 Always check blood pressure before administering
 Which drug class are you giving?
 What are the specific side effects to those classes?
 (Beta blockers,etc)
Anticoagulants… Chapter 44
 Anticoagulants
 Antiplatelets
 Thrombolytics
 Antidotes, serum labs to be monitored, side effects
 What to teach your client
GI drugs Chapter 46
 Antiemetics
 Phenergan
 Ipecac Pg. 710
 Antidiarrheals
 Opiates and opiate related agents
 Laxative
 Metamucil-bulk forming agent
Anti Ulcer Drugs Chapter 47
 Antacids
 Anticholinergics
 Histamine2 blockers
 Proton Pump Inhibitors
 Pepsin Inhibitor
Chapter 48,49 Ears, eyes, skin
 eye drops that constrict: Miotic
 Eye drops that dilate: Mydriatic
 Accutane-precautions, used for…
Endocrine Drugs Chapter 50,51
 Thyroid medications: Synthroid
 Antidiabetic medications:
 Insulin: peaks, onset, duration
 Metformin(Glucophage)
Antineoplastics Chapter 36
 Chemotherapy agents
 Nursing Education:
What to know when handling or administering these
drugs
 Client Education:
 Side effects/adverse reactions
 Safe handling and administration
 Disposal of body fluids and waste
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