Transcript Strand 5 Chapter 16 Powerpoint

Chapter 16
Citizenship and the
Law
Crime
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Crime costs Americans $1.7 Trillion dollars
a year, about $5,800 a person
Crime includes everything from shoplifting
to murder
Types of Crime: 29 diff. types
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Any act that breaks the law
Criminal is any person that commits a
crime
Felonies are serious crimes like murder or
rape
Misdemeanors are minor crimes like traffic
violations and disturbing the peace
Five main categories of crimes
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
crimes against persons
crimes against property
victimless crimes
white collar crime
organized crime
Crimes Against Persons
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Act that harms, kills, or threatens a person
1.3 million each year
16,000 murders each year
Aggravated assault most common crime
900,000 each year
Hate crimes: crimes because of race,
religion, or sexual orientation
Forcible rape: 90,000 cases a year
Crimes against Property
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Stealing or destroying prop. (arson)
Most crimes are against property
Burglary illegal entry with intent to steal, 2
million a year
Larceny is theft without force, shoplifting
Robbery involves both property and
person, usually with a weapon
Victimless Crime
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Harms themselves: drug use, gambling
Drug use leads to other crimes
White Collar Crime
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Embezzlement: theft of money from
someone you trust like bank
Fraud is cheating someone out of money or
property
Often involves computers, hackers
Identity theft
Organized Crime
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Groups provide illegal goods and services,
like gambling, drug trafficking, prostitution
Often they run legal businesses to hide
illegal activity
Causes of Crime
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Poverty
Illegal Drug Use
Permissive Society
Urbanization
Lack of Education
Fighting Crime
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National Crime bill of 1994
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Increase Police officers
Expand prison system
3 strike rule
Crime prevention
Review ?????????
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1. How much does Crime cost each
person?
2. What is a person that breaks a law
called?
3. How many murders are committed each
year?
4. What are crimes based on religion, race
or sexual orientation?
Review???????
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5. What are major crimes called?
6. What are crimes like drug abuse and
gambling called?
7. What are the 5 main causes of crime?
8. What did the national crime bill of 1994
do?
Chapter 16 Section 2
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Page 388
Role of Police
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Criminal Justice System: 3 part system,
police, courts, and corrections used to keep
the peace
Duties of the Police
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Protecting Lives and Property
Preventing Crime
Arresting people who violate the law
Maintaining peace and order
Police Training
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Background checks
Physical and Psychological Training
High School Graduate, some positions
require college education
Police Arrests
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Probable cause: officer must have
witnessed the crime or gathered enough
evidence to make an arrest
Arrest warrant: authorization by the court
to make an arrest
Due Process: Miranda Rights
After the Arrest
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Taken to police station for booking
Fingerprinted and photographed
If only a misdemeanor only one fingerprint
may be taken
From Arrest to Sentencing
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Second part of the Criminal Justice System
is the Court System, suspects are tried for
possible crimes.
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Finish this sentence . . . Innocent until
__________________
Preliminary Hearing
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Judge decides if there is enough evidence
to send the case to trial
Judge can dismiss, or drop the charges
Judge must set bail, money person,
defendant, post to guarantee that they will
return for trial
Own Recognizance: for lesser crimes
released without bail.
Pre. Hearing cont
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Depending on the seriousness of the crime,
bail is set either high or low amount.
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What types of crime would receive high bail
amounts? Low bail amounts?
Grand Jury and Indictment
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Some states a grand jury hears the
evidence and decides whether to send the
case to trial.
If the grand Jury finds that there is enough
evidence the defendant is indicted or
formally charged with the crime
Arraignment
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The defendant appears before the judge
and enters a plea of guilty or not guilty.
If pleads guilty no trial is needed
Trial
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The defense represents the defendant
The prosecution represents the
government’s side
Jurors are chosen from a large group, both
lawyers can reject potential jurors
Trial Cont
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The Prosecution presents their case first
The defense presents their case second
Defendant can chose whether or not to
testify
Lawyers ask witnesses questions
In the end each lawyer makes closing
statements
Trial Cont
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The Judge then tells the jury what they can
and cannot consider under the law
Jury leaves to deliberate, or discuss the
case
It is the prosecutions job to prove the
defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt
Trial Cont
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If there is reasonable doubt the jury must
acquit the defendant, find him not guilty.
If the jury cannot agree on a verdict the
defendant can be tried again before a
different jury
Sentencing
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If found guilty the judge decides on the
punishment
Some states have mandatory punishments
that judges follow
Plea Bargain
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Most cases never go to trial, they are taken
care of with a plea bargain
A plea Bargain is when the defendant
pleads guilty to a lesser offense and the
penalty is usually lighter than if a jury found
them guilty
Punishing Lawbreakers
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Corrections:
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Prison
Parole
Capital Punishment
Imprisonment
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Less serious crimes can be punished with
fines or probation
More serious crimes carries prison time
Many prisons are overcrowded
Prison
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Some people view it as the criminal paying for
their crime
Others view prison as a deterrent, something that
discourages people from committing crimes
Still others view it as rehabilitation, so the criminal
can return to society and stay out of trouble
Prisons also protect citizens from criminals
Parole
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After serving part of the their sentence a
prisoner is eligible for parole, early release
Parole board reviews the prisoners record
and behavior while in prison
People on parole have to follow certain
rules and report regularly to their parole
officer
Capital Punishment
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Harshest punishment
Death penalty
Still debated by many
Review ?????????
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1. What group decides if there is enough
evidence to go to trial?
2. Sometimes police need this to enter a
home?
3. What is the amount needed to be
released from jail and promise to return for
trial?
Review ?????
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4. What is the death penalty called?
5. What is a problem that prisons are
facing today?
6. What is the name of the rights that an
arrested person has?
7. What is a plea bargain?
Chapter 16
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Section 3
How to treat juvenile offenders
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1. Punish in detention centers
2. Give them counseling, treatment
3. Treat them like adults
Juv.. Crime
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Under 18, some states
Delinquents- Juveniles found guilty of
breaking a law
15% of all arrests:
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Arson and larceny highest amount
Causes of Crime
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1. Poor Home Conditions
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Parent absent or on drugs
Parents involved in illegal activities
Causes cont
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2. Poor Neighborhood conditions
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Poor areas have higher crime rate
See crime as only way out (NOT TRUE)
Causes cont
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3. Gang Membership
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No home so turn to gang to replace family
772,000 gang members in US
Gangs commit crimes
Causes cont
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4. Dropping out of school
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Low education = low paying job
Causes cont
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5. Alcohol and Drugs
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More likely to commit crime
Causes cont
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6. Peer Pressure
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If your friends are juvenile delinquents then they
are more likely to commit crimes
Reform
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1870 change how juveniles were treated
Not punishment but removal from harmful
environment
Re-educate and take care of
1967 In re Gaul same due process as
adults
Today
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Have hearing not jury
Treatment or Punishment
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Foster Care
Correction facility or treatment facility for drug or
alcohol abuse
Boot Camps
Today cont
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Probation: time to prove they can be good
citizens, must follow strict rules
Counseling: get therapy and needs met
As Adults
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Many people believe if violent crime should
be treated as adult
14 and older and commits a felony in most
states is tried as adult
Studies show that juveniles that are sent to
adult prison do not stay out of trouble
Avoiding Trouble
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1.
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No Drug Use
Stay in School
Say No
Have hobbies, keep busy