Transcript Presentation 17

Types of Counseling Algorithms.
Session 17
Presentation 17
In previous sessions:
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Types of questions: open, closed, qualifying.
Analysis of mistakes during counseling.
How to behave during counseling.
Characteristics of a counselor:
– Qualities
– Skills
– Knowledge
– Resources
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During this session:
• Types of counseling algorithms
• Importance of understanding different approaches
• Multiple use and overlap of counseling algorithms
• Practicing different approaches
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Levels of counseling
• Macro
• Medium
• Micro
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Levels of counseling
• Macro
– Case-management
– Pre-post test counseling (various kinds of tests)
• Medium
– Subject of counseling: HIV test, STI – test, drug
use, reproductive health of IDUs, etc.
• Micro
– Specified subject of counseling (topic focus): what
exactly about drug use are you going to talk?
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Levels of counseling: time frame
• Macro
– Up to several month
• Medium
– Up to several hours
• Micro
– From several hours to several seconds
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micro
Medium
micro
Medium
Macro level
Levels of counseling graphically
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Levels do not exclude each other.
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Some level may overlap.
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Macro level will always overlap with
medium and micro level.
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Medium level will always overlap
with micro level.
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Only micro level can be used
individually.
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Which levels in you work do you use most
often?
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Medium Level
Request
Client’s question
History
Collecting data/information about
client
Risk Assessment
Collecting data on risks
IEC
Provision of specific information
Next steps development or back to
client’s request (different request)
Solution/decision making
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Micro Level
• Consider Handout 17.1. Micro counseling
algorithm
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Micro Level
• Algorithm provides with the information necessary to cover in
order to highlight the topic.
• Algorithm is a structure to give a structured answer, however,
it does not mean you have to go through all the steps of the
algorithm!
• One algorithm can easily overflow into the other. The main
rule is not to stop in the middle of the block!
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Risk Assessment
• RA is common for all levels of counseling.
• Risk Assessment is a part of counseling
process that is designed to help clients to
estimate their risk or the risk of their
partners associated with injecting and sexual
practices, as well as possibilities of
increasing/reducing those risks.
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How to do Risk Assessment?
• Situation analysis – asking questions about
– Practices of using drugs/alcohol
– Sexual behavior
– Relationship with partners
– Other factors
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How to find solutions?
• Provide a client with information that will help
him/her to make a decision with respect to
risk reduction.
• Provide a client with possible solutions,
available services.
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Implementation phase
• Make a plan together with the client.
• Do not scare a client away with too ambitious
goals.
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Difficulties of risk assessment for a
client
Usually all people underestimate their risks
• Illusion of being lucky
• Fatalism
• Problems/tasks that are of high priority
• Falls understanding/myths about certain risks
• Traditional gender roles and expectations
• Impact of drugs/alcohol
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Counseling Instruments
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Questions
Reassurance
Paraphrasing and generalizing
Empathy
Pauses, silence
Information provision
Interpretation to make unclear - clear
Confrontation – do not use if not sure how!
Feelings of a counselor and being open – but be careful to be too open!
Structuring counseling - make sure your plan coincides with the client’
expectations. Ongoing process through the hole counseling.
• Finishing counseling – usually happens naturally; if not – use techniques to
finish it.
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Exercise
A group of three:
• One “counselor”
• One “client”
• One observer
Task: Consult your partner on the topic indicated in the
handout.
• “Client” must not agree or disagree for the sake of the game
but using logical arguments
• Observer uses “observation form” to evaluate the counseling
process of a colleague.
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