Transcript Industrial Revolution

Warm Up:
How did natural resources and new means of
transportation affect the growth of industry?
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
The Industrial Revolution was a period
from the 18th to the 19th century where
major changes in agriculture,
manufacturing, mining, transportation, and
technology had a profound effect on the
socioeconomic and cultural conditions of
the times
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
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Industrialization: a shift from an agricultural
(farming) economy to one based on industry
(manufacturing)
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Effect on Economy
▪ City population increased (Urbanization)
▪ New entrepreneurs emerged (more money = more
technology/inventions)
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
• The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were
produced, from human labor to machines
• The more efficient means of production and subsequent higher levels of
production triggered far-reaching changes to industrialized societies
• Machines were invented which replaced human labor
• New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water,
steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)
• increased use of metals and minerals
• Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
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Mass production of goods
 Increased numbers of goods
 Increased diversity of goods produced
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Development of factory system of production
Rural-to-urban migration
 People left farms to work in cities
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Development of capitalism
 Financial capital for continued industrial growth
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Development and growth of new socio-economic classes
 Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class
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Commitment to research and development
 Investments in new technologies
 Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention,
the sciences, and overall industrial growth
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
Factories and Mass Production
The factory system changed the world of work;
Mass Production = the production of large amounts of standardized
products, especially on assembly lines
Mass Production
Effects
• Mass production began in
U.S.
• Dramatic increase in
production
• Elements:
• Businesses charged less
– Interchangeable parts
• Affordable goods
– Assembly line
• More repetitious jobs
• Production and repair faster
and more efficient
• Soon became norm
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New Technologies
 Steam-became key power source
 Iron-less expensive, better quality
 Railroads-Changed the way raw materials, goods, and
people moved
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Textiles
 Cotton Gin- quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds
 Spinning Jenny-Spun many threads at the same time
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
 Rise of Unions-organized strikes to demand increased
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wages and improved working conditions
Goods were able to be produced much more cheaply
There were greater job opportunities
There was an increase in wealth and in general quality
of life
An independent urban manufacturing business force
arose
New inventions and innovations occurred;
information spread, making the world “smaller”
Spurred the rise of large cities
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
Stable Government
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No wars
Had capital (money) to invest in businesses
Had overseas markets (colonial empire)
Natural Resources
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Coal (energy for machines)
Iron ore (for tools)
Large network of rivers to move products
Labor Supply
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Growing population
Ready workforce
New Technology
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Invention and improvement of steam engine
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
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Believed unions before them failed because they limited their
membership
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Organized both skilled and unskilled workers, blacks, and
women
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By early 1880’s, became a national force
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Goals:
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8 hour work day
End of child labor
Equal pay for equal work
Graduated income tax
 Written in 1906 to point out the troubles of the
working class and the corruption of the American
meatpacking industry in the early 20th Century
 Depicts poverty, absence of social programs,
unpleasant living and working conditions, and
hopelessness prevalent among the working class,
which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted
corruption of those in power
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Legislation Resulting from The Jungle
 Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (sanitary standards)
 Pure Food and Drug Act (food and drug tests,
labels on food products)
▪ Lead to the creation of the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) by Theodore Roosevelt
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
Benefited most
The “HAVES”
Bourgeois Life Thrived on the
Luxuries of the Industrial
Revolution
The “HAVE-NOTS”
The Poor, The Over-Worked,
and the Destitute
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Increased world productivity
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Growth of railroads (faster and more efficient
transportation of goods and people)
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New entrepreneurs emerged (more money = more
technology/inventions)
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New inventions improved quality of life for many
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Labor eventually organized (unions) to improve
working conditions
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Laws were enacted to enforce health and safety
codes in cities and factories
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New opportunities for women
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Rise of the middle class – size, power, and
wealth expanded
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Social structure becomes more flexible
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A global economy began to emerge
(trade)
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FACTORY
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Child labor
Sweatshops
Miserable (dirty, cramped) and
dangerous (fingers, limbs, & lives
lost) working conditions
 Long working hours – six days a
week, with little pay
 Diseases such as pneumonia &
tuberculosis spread through factories
 Strikes
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Cities
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Tenement housing was poorly
constructed, crowded, and cold
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
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Developed to replace the domestic system of
production
Faster method of production
Workers concentrated in a set location
Production anticipated demand
For example: Under the domestic system, a woman might select fabric
and have a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make into a
dress. Under the factory system, the factory owner bought large lots of
popular fabrics and had workers create multiple dresses in common
sizes, anticipating that women would buy them.
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
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Textiles – cloths or
fabrics
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First industry to be
industrialized
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Great Britain learned a
lot about textiles from
India and China
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.
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Increase in population of cities
Women and children enter the workplace as cheap labor
Rise of labor unions
Introduction of reforms
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Laws to protect children in the workplace
Minimum wage and maximum hour laws
Federal safety and health standards
Growth of the middle class
Increased production and higher demand for raw materials =
growth of worldwide trade
Expansion of education
Women’s increased demands for suffrage
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Economic system in which the means of
production are privately owned and
operated for a private profit
Free-market economy: decisions regarding
supply, demand, price, distribution, and
investments are made by private actors
Profit goes to owners who invest in the
business
Wages are paid to workers employed by
companies and businesses
 Socialism-An economic system in which the government owns or controls
many of the means of the production and directly provides for many of the
people’s needs
 People as a society would operate and own the
means of production, not individuals
 Their goal was a society that benefited
everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few
 Tried to build perfect communities [utopias]
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Communism- a political
philosophy that aims for a
classless and stateless
society structured upon
common ownership of the
means of production and an
end to private property
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“Haves” -Bourgeoisie
(benefited the most)
“Have Nots”-proletariat
(working class)
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 What are some lasting effects of
the Industrial Revolution?
Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the
Industrial Revolution impacted society.