Transcript Alcohol Education - Montgomery County Public Schools

Initial EAP Supervisor
Training: Alcohol and Drug
Testing Program
Presented by the
MCPS Employee Assistance Program
240-314-1040
November 2010
Please turn off your cell
phones. If you need to take a
call, please do it outside of
this room. Thanks!
Outcomes
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Increase familiarity with alcohol and drug
testing regulations
Become knowledgeable about the affects
of alcohol and drugs
Know what steps to take when suspicious
that an employee might be under the
influence
Employee Assistance Program
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Assessment, short-term counseling
and referral
Problem types
Cost
Eligibility
Referrals
Confidentiality
Other services: crisis response,
workshops, access point to mediation
Scope of the Problem
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There are more deaths and disabilities
each year in the U.S. from substance
abuse than from any other cause.
About 18 million Americans have alcohol
problems; about 5 to 6 million Americans
have drug problems.
More than half of all adults have a family
history of alcoholism or problem drinking.
(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)
Consequences
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1/4 of all emergency room admissions, 1/3 of
all suicides, and more than 1/2 of all homicides
and incidents of domestic violence are alcoholrelated.
Heavy drinking contributes to illness in each of
the top three causes of death; heart disease,
cancer, and stroke.
Almost 1/2 of all traffic fatalities are alcohol
related.
(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)
The Cost
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Alcohol and drug abuse costs the American
economy an estimated $276 billion per year in
lost productivity, health care expenditures,
crime, motor vehicle crashes, and other
conditions.
Untreated addiction is more expensive than
heart disease, diabetes, and cancer combined.
Every American adult pays nearly $1,000 per
year for the damages of addiction.
(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)
Substance Abusing Employees
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3x more likely to be fired
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2x as likely to resign
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3.5x more accidents
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3x more often absent
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5x more likely to file workers
compensation claims
(Department of Labor, 1999)
Alcohol and Drug
Testing Regulations
Performance of Safety Sensitive
Functions is Prohibited:
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Within four hours after using alcohol
While having a breath alcohol
concentration of .02 or greater
If in possession of alcohol
If using alcohol
If a driver has used or tested positive
for drugs
Post Accident Testing
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Personal injury requiring immediate
medical attention away from the
scene to any occupants of the
vehicle, another vehicle or
pedestrian
Disabling damage to the commercial
vehicle or another vehicle (requiring
the vehicle to be towed)
Drug and Alcohol and the
Testing Rules
Handbook for Supervisors
Alcohol and Drug
Education
Alcohol Education
Effects of Alcohol on
Driving
Approximate BAC (in grams)
Body Weight
Number
of drinks
120
180
220
1
.03
.02
.02
3
.09
.06
.05
5
.16
.11
.09
10
.31
.21
.17
12
.40+
.29
.24
BAC and Impairment
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Factors influencing rate at which
BAC rises
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Weight
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Gender
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Food
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Mixer
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Strength of drink
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Temperature of drink
Sobering Up
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Coffee
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Cold shower
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Drinking water
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Time
Vision
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Reduced rapid eye movement
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Longer to adjust to bright/dim
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Blurred/double vision
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Vision impaired = distorted perception
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Poor peripheral vision
Attention
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Speedometer
Gauges
Lights and warning signals
Road conditions
Traffic
Signals and signs
People and animals
Attention
 Stare instead of scan
 No headlights
 Overshoot stop sign
Processing
Vision
Awareness
Judgement
Risk Taking
Inhibitions
= Showoff / Aggressive
Reaction Time Slower
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Braking time
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Thinking/reflexes
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Steering
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Accelerator to brake
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(BAC .10 = 11% slower)
Brake, signal, shift gears, steer
(BAC .05 = 41% slower)
Questions?
Drug Education
Drug Presentations
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Prepare a presentation for the class
describing the drug assigned to your
group. You can:
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Make a poster
Do a skit
Write and present rap/poem/song
Perform a puppet show
Feel free to be creative
Marijuana
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Immediate Effects: Reddened eyes; increased
heart rate; dry mouth and throat; increased
appetite
Chronic and Long Term Effects: Impaired shortterm memory; altered sense of time; slow reaction
time; reduced ability to concentrate; impaired
motor skills
Effects on Driving: Impaired reaction time;
impaired short-term memory; reduced
concentration; distorted time and distance sense;
lengthened glare recovery and depth perception
Cocaine
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Immediate Effects: Euphoria, dilated pupils;
increase in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration
rate and body temperature
Chronic and Long Term Effects: Irritability,
anxiety and depression; seizure and heart attack;
loss of appetite and sleeplessness; hallucinations
of touch, sight, taste and/or smell
Effects on Driving: Lapses in attention and
concentration; aggressive behavior; impaired
motor coordination; false sense of alertness and
security
Amphetamines
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Immediate Effects: Increased heart rate, blood
pressure and respiration; dilated pupils; dry mouth
Chronic and Long Term Effects: Sweating,
headache, blurred vision and dizziness; decreased
appetite; sleeplessness and anxiety; depression;
psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, or paranoia)
Effects on Driving: Overestimation of performance
abilities; more accident prone; anxiety; irritability
and overreaction; auditory and visual hallucinations
Ecstasy
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Immediate Effects: Increased energy;
talkativeness; alertness/paranoia; euphoria;
physical rushes; loss of appetite; jitteriness
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Chronic and Long Term Effects: Depression; sleep
problems; severe anxiety; long term paranoia;
psychosis; muscle tension; chills and nausea;
blurred vision; brain damage
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Effects on Driving: Severely effects accuracy,
judgement, perception and the ability to
concentrate; increases confidence and risk taking;
produced unofficially, so impact of adulterants is
unpredictable
Opiates
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Immediate Effects: Relaxation and sleepiness;
reduction of pain; pinpoint pupils; cold, moist and
bluish skin
Chronic and Long Term Effects: Restlessness,
nausea and vomiting; user may go “on the nod”, going
back and forth from feeling alert to drowsy; addiction
even with occasional use; infections from unsterile
solutions; illness such as hepatitis, AIDS and tetanus
from using needles
Effects on Driving: Euphoric high followed by
stuperous inactivity; difficulty focusing; visual
distortion; loss of consciousness.
PCP
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Immediate Effects: Effects are erratic and unpredictable;
increased heart rate and BP; flushing, sweating,
dizziness and numbness; violent or bizarre behavior
Chronic and Long Term Effects: Stimulation of body
functions - can also act as a depressant, pain killer,
anesthetic or hallucinogen; change in user’s perception
of own body and other forms; changes in speech,
muscle coordination and vision; “spacing out’ of time
Effects on Driving: A sense of invulnerability and power;
aggressive behavior; visual distortion; impaired
coordination and dulled senses
Positive Tests
(1/10/10 – 11/3/10)
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Pre-employment
Reasonable Suspicion
(2 conducted)
Random
1
(cocaine)
0
4
(3 THC, 1 refusal)
Post accident
(34 conducted)
0
Return to Work
(3 conducted)
0
Reasonable Suspicion
Testing
Role of the Supervisor
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Ensure the safety of the driver, the
students, and the public
Use best skills and judgment
Determine if there is reasonable
suspicion to test
Confidentiality
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Subpart P - Confidentiality
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§ 40.321 What is the general confidentiality
rule for drug and alcohol test information?
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.…, you are prohibited from releasing individual
test results to third parties without the
employee's specific written consent
(a) A “third party” is any person to whom other
parts of this regulation do not authorize or
require the transmission of information in the
course of the drug or alcohol testing process.
Recent Cases
September 2009:
 Illinois school bus driver arrested for Driving
Under the Influence of Drugs after endangering
a bus full of seventh graders by driving
recklessly. Also charged with 41 counts of child
endangerment.
October 2009:
 California school bus driver arrested for Driving
Under the Influence of Alcohol and child
endangerment. Bus hit by a pick up truck after
bus driver made a U-turn with 31 children on
bus.
REASONABLE
SUSPICION VIDEO
Reasonable Suspicion
Guidelines
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Ongoing observation/supervision of your drivers
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Compare observations with handbook (p.7)
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Get second supervisor to confirm
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Meet in private
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Arrange to send for testing
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Document your observations - use correct forms
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Questions? Call Miles Alban (HR) or EAP
Reasonable
Suspicion Case
Scenarios
Frequently Asked Questions
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Do you test a driver when a child is injured on
the bus and the injury is not the result of an
accident?
How do we select drivers for random testing?
Why do we test some people for alcohol only
and others for drugs and alcohol?
Who is responsible for taking the employee for
reasonable suspicion testing?
Frequently Asked Questions
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Why don’t we test bus attendants?
If I have a concern about a driver’s
potential drug or alcohol use, can I add
him/her to my random testing list?
What happens if an employee can’t supply
any or a sufficient amount of urine?
Thanks for coming!
For more information about the EAP,
contact us at
240-314-1040
or visit our website at
www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/departments/eap