Transcript Photovoltaic Project Analysis

University of Zielona Góra
Grzegorz Benysek
Marcin Jarnut
Institute of Electrical Engineering
www.iee.uz.zgora.pl
Distributed Generation Interface to Future
Electric Power Systems
Partnerstwo Odry
Zielona Góra, 15/09/2010
General Contents
Institute of Electrical Engineering
www.iee.uz.zgora.pl
1. Introduction
2. DG/EPS Interface
3. Scientific and Technological Objectives
General Contents
Institute of Electrical Engineering
Introduction
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Introduction
Interest in Distributed Generation (DG)
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These new energy injections can have some benefits in the operation on
the whole Electrical Power System (EPS):
• The production of energy near the load reduces the losses of the grids,
because energy is generated where it is consumed;
• Normally voltage control is carried out by means of manually operated
or automatic tap changers, or by utilization of capacitor banks. In
both cases, the existence of DG units could be an important way
to increase the voltage; the insertion of a DG in a bus raises its
voltage;
• End-users who place DG can benefit by having backup generation to
improve reliability; they may also receive compensation for
making their generation capacity available to the grid in areas
where power outages are possible.
Introduction
Interest in Energy Storage (ESS)
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Benefits of well-penetrated ESS include these listed below:
Electricity pricing. Cheap electricity, accessible during periods when
demand for electricity is low (low priced energy), stored in ESS can be
sold at a later time when the price for energy is higher.
Transmission support, power quality and capacity reduction. ESS may be
used to support grids by compensating for outages, voltage sags
(storage provides a more reliable service). Additionally can be involved to
protect against events like voltage and frequency variations, harmonics
etc. Finally, reducing capacity needs by storing cheap off-peak electric
energy and then discharging it during peak demand periods can reduce
the load on the grids and delay utility investments.
Increased DG profits. In many applications there is a need to provide for
steady distributed generation; thus irregular DGs cannot be used to serve
loads. In these cases, energy is stored when demand and prices for
electricity are low so that energy can be used when demand and price is
high, and/or when output from the normal source is low.
General Contents
Institute of Electrical Engineering
DG/EPS Interface
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DG/EPS Interface
Institute of Electrical Engineering
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PG  PC  PL  PS  PC
uXs
PS
iS
PCC
iL
Xs
Idc(in)
T5
Idc
UDC
uS
T6
PL
PC
Idc(out)
T1
iC
T3
T2
uC
Lf1
C1
ZL
T4
Cf1
PG
uG
iG
Lg
G
• Voltage type of energy utilization – load voltage stabilization
• Non-active current compensation
• Customer and grid energy online balancing
DG/EPS Interface
Institute of Electrical Engineering
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Xs
Is
PCC
IL
Im
Uxs
IDC(IN) DC+
T5
UDC
Us
T1
ICDC
US
T3
Uc
Lf1
CDC
T6
.
Ic
IDC(OUT)
T2
ZL
UXs
UC
d
UG
φL IL
LG
Re
G
d [deg]
PS [W]
10
3000
5
2000
0
XS = 10 W
XS = 5 W
XS = 2 W
XS = 1 W
PG < PL
1000
5
0
1000 0.1
IS
T4
Cf1
IG
φS
10
1
10
PG/PL [W/W]
15
0.1
1
10
PG/PL [W/W]
DG/EPS Interface
Institute of Electrical Engineering
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Xs
Is
PCC
IL
Im
Uxs
IDC(IN) DC+
T5
Us
T1
ICDC
UDC
Ic
IDC(OUT)
T3
T6
Uc
Lf1
CDC
T2
d0
IS = 0
UXs = 0
jL
IL
ZL
UC = US
T4
Cf1
UG
LG
IG
G
Re
d [deg]
PS [W]
10
3000
5
2000
0
XS = 10 W
XS = 5 W
XS = 2 W
XS = 1 W
PG = PL
1000
5
0
1000 0.1
10
1
10
PG/PL [W/W]
15
0.1
1
10
PG/PL [W/W]
DG/EPS Interface
Institute of Electrical Engineering
www.iee.uz.zgora.pl
Xs
Is
PCC
IL
IL
Uxs
IDC(IN) DC+
T5
T1
ICDC
UDC
Us
Uc
Lf1
T2
UXs
.
UC
T3
CDC
T6
jL
Im
Ic
IDC(OUT)
ZL
jS
US
T4
IS
Cf1
d
UG
IG
LG
G
Re
d [deg]
PS [W]
10
3000
5
2000
0
XS = 10 W
XS = 5 W
XS = 2 W
XS = 1 W
PG > PL
1000
5
0
1000 0.1
10
1
10
PG/PL [W/W]
15
0.1
1
10
PG/PL [W/W]
Multilane DG/EPS Interface
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Load 1
WLZ
0,4 kV
<U
SO1
B
SS
SO2
kWh
SW1
E1_1
XS
SO3
UC
SG
UC
SW2
FG
DC
0,4 kV
AC/DC
E2_1
PLL
E2_2
DC/DC
US
storage
FG
SW2
SG
UC
UC
E1_2
SO1
B
SS
SW1
SO2
kWh
XS
<U
Load 2
SO3
WLZ
0,4 kV
Future EPS = Smart Grid
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Smart Grids
Institute of Electrical Engineering
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Smart grid would create system that:
• Will reduce peak loads;
• Will delete capital costs of new T&D infrastructure as well as generating
plants;
• Will lower T&D line losses together with operation and maintenance
costs;
• Will improve voltage profiles and stability;
• Through extensive monitoring, quick communications, and feedback
control of operations, will have much more information about
system rising problems before they affect service;
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Institute of Electrical Engineering
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Scientific and Technological Objectives
Scientific and Technological Objectives
Institute of Electrical Engineering
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The project has three main scientific objectives that concern
acquiring understanding of the integration and connection between
the DG and EPS. There are:
i. In-depth investigation into the impact of the DGs on EPS, and the
effects of EPS events on the operation of DG units;
ii. In-depth investigation into various DGs/EPS connection issues
due to various distributed sources such as fuel cells and the
renewables;
iii. In-depth investigation into advanced coordinated control of DGs
within the EPS.
Grzegorz Benysek
Institute of Electrical Engineering
www.iee.uz.zgora.pl