Transcript Plants

Plants
• How are
plants used
in
maintaining
good
health?
Medical Plant Project
• Student
Project:
– Identify a plant
that can be
used as a
treatment for
illness or as a
supplement to
support good
health.
Medical Plant Project
• Research the cultural and historical
use of your selected plant as a
medical treatment.
• Review and list multiple sources to
understand the effectiveness of your
plant.
Medical Plant Project
• Follow hand-out for further
information.
• You must make a visual
presentation.
• Use Animoto or other format.
• Music is OK.
Plants
• Plant medical property project:
• You may work with one to two other
students.
• Project is due April 22. Outline due April 15.
• Will count as a test grade.
Medical Plants Rubric
• History, location of origin, medical
properties, how it helps people
will be required.
• 50% oral and visual presentation,
3 minutes in length. Any format.
• 50% written presentation
including grammar, spelling, and
neatness. Must be typed.
Plants
• Question: What is a plant?
• Question: What are some
characteristics of plants?
– Size: Microscopic to more than a football
field in height (+300ft).
– Most have roots or root-like structures.
– Require water.
Parts of The Plant
• Question: What is the largest part
of a plant?
–Roots
Roots
• Question: What is the purpose of roots?
• Transport water and other substances.
– Anchor
– Support
– Store food Video: Roots 1:43
Roots
2 Types of Root Systems
Taproot System
Primary root grows down
from the stem with some
small secondary roots
forming
Examples: Carrots & Turnips
Roots
Fibrous System
Small lateral roots that
spread out just below the
soil’s surface
Examples: Corn & Beans
Parts of the Root
Epidermis
Outermost layer of cells
Cortex
Tissue inside epidermis
that stores starch and
other substances
necessary for the growth
of the root
Parts of the Root
Root Hairs
Site of absorption
Vascular
Tissue
Contains cells that
transport water,
nutrients, and
minerals to all parts of
Root Cross Section
Video: MSB How plants get water 2
Leaves
Blade
Main body of leaf
Petiole
Attaches blade to
stem
Midrib
Large central
vein
Leaf Cell Layers
• Epidermis: Upper and lower surface of
a leaf.
• Waxy cuticle: coats Epidermis.
• Stomata: Opening in leaf to allow;
– What gases to enter the leaf?
• Carbon dioxide to enter
– What gas to exit the leaf?
• Oxygen to exit the leaf.
Leaf Cell Layers
• Guard Cells: Two guard cells
surround each stoma to open and
close it.
•
Video: Plant Cells 3:25, Types of plant cells 2:43
Stomata in Leaves
•
Stomata open and close, which allows
gases into and out of a leaf. This lab will
allow you to see some stomata.
1. Bend the piece of lettuce in half and
carefully use a pair of forceps to peel off
some of the epidermis, the transparent
tissue (cuticle) that covers the leaf.
2. Prepare a wet mount of this tissue.
3. Examine your prepared slide under low
and high power on the microscope.
Stomata in Leaves
4. Count the number of stomata in your field
of view and then count the no. of open
stomata. Enter this no. in your lab report.
5. Make a second slide of the lettuce leaf
using a salt solution.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5.
7. Calculate the percent of open stomata:
no. of open stomata/total no. of stomata
Stomata in Leaves
Conclude and Apply
In your lab report answer the following
questions prior to turning in.
• Determine which slide preparation had a
greater percentage of open stomata.
• Infer why fewer stomata were open in the
salt-solution mount.
• What can you infer about the function of
stomata in a leaf?
Plants
• Leaves: Where the food making
process occurs.
– What is the name of that process?
• Photosynthesis
– We will study photosynthesis in great depth later.
– Question: What is the plant in the middle picture?
Plants
• Leaf Cell Layers
Leaf Cross Section
Leaf Cell Layers
• Just below the epidermis is the palisade
layer where most of the food is produced.
•
Video: Leaves 2:52
Important Functions of
Leaves
Photosynthesis
Process that plants use to produce their food
6CO2 + 6H2OC6H1206 + 6 O2
Transpiration
Loss of water and exchange of
carbon dioxide
Functions of the Stem
1. Transports water and
nutrients from roots to leaves
2. Supports leaves, fruits
and flowers
3. Food Storage
•Video: Stems 3:16
Stem Cross Section
Video Roots, Stems, Leaves 1:10
Fruit’s Function
Site of seed
production
Flower Parts
Pistil
Female part of plant
Consists of:
•Stigma
•Style
•Ovary
Flower Parts
Stamen
Male reproductive organ
Flower Function
Sexual Reproduction is the flowers
sole function.
Pollination by:
Wind
Insects and Birds
Video: Flowers :31
Plants
• Question: Why do plants have cell
walls and animals do not?
• Most plants have a green pigment called
chlorophyll.
• Question: What do plants use
chlorophyll for?
–Chlorophyll is used to make food in a
process called photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll is found in a cell structure
called a chloroplast.
• Water is important for plants.
• What adaptations would help a plant to
conserve water?
– Covering many plants is a cuticle.
• A waxy, protective layer secreted
by cells onto the surface of the
plant.
Lab Demonstration
•
Materials; water, paper towels, wax paper,
paper clips, and string.
•
Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wet three paper towel squares.
Leave one paper towel uncovered.
Cover one side of another with wax paper.
Sandwich a third paper towel between two
sheets of wax paper.
5. Hang the samples to dry.
– Observe how long it takes each towel
to dry.
Lab Demonstration
• Class assignment:
–Write in you science notebook
(left side)
•How are the paper towels
covered with wax paper
like plant leaves with
cuticles?
• In animals the skeleton provides support.
• What provides support for a plant?
– Cell walls which contain cellulose.
– Cellulose molecules form tangled fibers
in plant cell walls providing support.
Classification of Plants
• Vascular plants: Have tube-like
structures that carry water, and nutrients
throughout the plant.
Classification of Plants
• Nonvascular plants: Do not have
tube-like structures and use other ways to
move water and substances.
Seedless Plants
• Nonvascular plants like moss are only a
few cells thick. Each cell absorbs water
directly from it environment.
• Vascular plants distribute water and
nutrients to all plant cells.
• Question: Which type of plant can grow
larger; nonvascular and vascular?
– Vascular can grow bigger and thicker
because the vascular tissue distributes the
water and nutrients.
Seedless Plants
• Question: Name parts of a plant.
– Roots
– Stems
– Leaves
– Flowers
• Question: What do the flowers
produce?
– Seeds
Seedless Plants
• Question: Do all plants reproduce
from seeds?
• Some plants reproduce by
spores.
Seedless Plants
• Question: Can you name a plant
that does not have seeds and
uses spores to reproduce?
–Mosses
–Ferns
–
Video: Plants that
–
make spores. 2:34
Seedless Plants
• Ferns and Mosses:
– We now know that they do not reproduce by
seeds but use spores. Therefore they are
alike in that way.
– Question: How are they different?
• Think vascular, nonvascular
Seedless Plants
• Peat and Coal: As seedless plants
died they compacted and compressed and
turned into peat. Over time the peat turned
into coal.
Seedless Plants
• Peat supplies about one third of Ireland’s
energy requirements.
•
Brain Pop: Seedless Plants
Seed Plants
• Most seed plants have leaves, stems,
roots, and vascular tissue.
• They also produce seeds.
• Question: What is inside a seed?
– Embryo and stored food. Video: Seeds 2, MSB How a plant
makes seeds 3:02
Gymnosperms
• Gymnosperms: Vascular plants that
produce seeds that are not protected by
fruit.
• Question: What is an example of this type
of plant?
– Conifers: Pines, firs, spruces, redwoods.
Angiosperms
• Angiosperms: A vascular plant that
flowers and produces fruit with one or
more seeds.
• Question: What is an example of an
angiosperm?
Angiosperms
• Life cycle of angiosperms.
• Question: What do you call a plant that
has a life cycle of one year?
Angiosperms
• Question: What do you call a plant that
continues to survive for many years?
– Perennial
– Brain Pop: Seed Plants
Seed Plant Class Work
• Create a list of as many products of seed
plants that you can think.
– Examples: Potato Chips, oranges.
– Video: Sci. of Plants 22