Transcript Unit 10 Lesson 3

Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Florida Benchmarks
• SC.6.E.7.1 Differentiate among radiation,
conduction, and convection, the three
mechanisms by which heat is transferred through
Earth’s system.
• SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions
among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Florida Benchmarks
• SC.6.E.7.5 Explain how energy provided by the
sun influences global patterns of atmospheric
movement and the temperature differences
between air, water, and land.
• LA.6.2.2.3 The student will organize information
to show understanding (e.g., representing main
ideas within text through charting, mapping,
paraphrasing, summarizing, or
comparing/contrasting).
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Hot and Cold
How are energy and temperature
related?
• All matter is made of moving particles and has
kinetic energy.
 Temperature is a measure of the average
kinetic energy of particles.
• The faster a particle moves, the more kinetic
energy it has.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
How are energy and temperature
related?
 Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of
particles.
• Thermal energy depends on the number of
particles.
• More particles means more thermal energy.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
What is thermal expansion?
• As space between particles increases, a substance
expands.
 The increase in volume that results from an
increase in temperature is called thermal
expansion.
• Thermal expansion causes a change in the density
of a substance.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
What is thermal expansion?
• Density is the mass per unit volume of a
substance.
• Differences in density caused by thermal
expansion can cause movement of matter.
• Movement in the atmosphere, water movement,
and rock movement also can be caused by
thermal expansion.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Getting Warm
What is heat?
 Heat is the energy that is transferred between
objects that are at different temperatures.
• Objects in contact will transfer energy until
temperatures are equal in both objects.
• Energy flows from higher to lower temperatures.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Why can the temperatures of land, air,
and water differ?
The different rates at which materials become
warmer or cooler are due to specific heat.
• Materials with a high specific heat require more
energy to show an increase in temperature.
• Water has a higher specific heat than land, which
means it warms and cools slower than land.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Heat
How is energy transferred by radiation?
 Radiation is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic
waves.
 An example would be when energy is
transferred from a lamp to the soil. ->
• The sun transfers energy to Earth by radiation.
• Radiation can transfer energy to objects that are not in
direct contact.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
How is energy transferred by radiation?
 Energy from the sun travels as waves and is
called electromagnetic radiation.
• Forms of electromagnetic radiation include visible
light, infrared radiation, X-rays, and ultraviolet
rays.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Where does radiation occur on Earth?
• The sun is almost 150 million km away but is the
major source of energy for processes on Earth.
• Solar radiation can be reflected, scattered, or
absorbed.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Heating Up
How is energy transferred by
convection?
 Convection is the transfer of energy due to the
movement of matter.
 Convection occurs because most matter becomes
less dense when it gets warmer.
 Convection currents form as warm and cool
matter rise and fall due to temperature and
density differences.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Where does convection occur on Earth?
• Energy moves through the atmosphere as warm air
rises and cool air sinks.
• Ocean water has different densities due to
temperature and the amount of salt in the water.
• Energy is transferred through rock material from
Earth’s core to the surface by convection currents.
 Convection happens more efficiently in water than in
rock because particles move more freely in air or
water. The freedom of movement allows for more
energy transfer.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Ouch!
How is energy transferred by
conduction?
 Conduction is the transfer of energy from one
object to another object through direct contact.
 For conduction to occur between two parts of the
geosphere, there must be contact between those
two parts.
• When objects touch, their particles interact.
• The greater the energy difference, the faster the
transfer of energy by conduction occurs.
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Unit 10 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
Where does conduction occur on Earth?
• Energy can transfer by conduction from warm
ground to cool air at Earth’s surface.
• Warm air can transfer energy to cooler water and
cause evaporation. If water vapor transfers energy
to air, the water vapor can condense.
• Energy can be transferred in rock by conduction,
but very slowly.
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