Transcript unit1 ch.1
Texas History Chapter 1 Section 1: The Six Essential Elements of Geography Main Ideas • Geographers study physical and human systems. • The six essential elements of geography are a way for geographers to organize their studies. Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Main Idea 1: Geographers study physical and human systems. Types of Information Geographers Study • • • Physical and human characteristics of a place or region Relationship between humans and their environment Culture – learned system of shared beliefs, traits, and values Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Main Idea 2: The six essential elements of geography are a way for geographers to organize their studies. The Six Essential Elements of Geography • • • • • • The world in spatial terms – study of the location, arrangement, and density of things Places and regions – study and comparison of places and regions Physical systems – study of physical features and systems and how they interact Human systems – study of human features and systems and how they interact Environment and society – study of how human and physical features and systems interact Uses of geography – study of the purposes and uses of geography Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Section 2: Using Maps Main Ideas • Maps are useful tools for finding the locations of places. • The main parts of a map include a title, scale, legend, and compass rose. • Geographers create maps for many different purposes. Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Main Idea 1: Maps are useful tools for finding the locations of places. Why Maps Are Useful • To represent a place or area graphically • To help locate places • To show the physical and human features of a place Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Main Idea 2: The main parts of a map include a title, scale, legend, and compass rose. Main Parts of a Map • • • • Compass Rose – a map’s directional indicator Scale – defines distances in a map Legend – describes symbols and other items in a map Lines of Latitude and Longitude – pinpoint the absolute location of map content Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Main Idea 3: Geographers create maps for many different purposes. Types of Maps Created • • Reference Maps – used to find locations Political – show information such as boundaries, capitals, and cities Physical – show natural features such as landforms, rivers, and other bodies of water Thematic Maps – show a specific topic, theme, or spatial distribution of an activity Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Section 3: Using Graphs, Charts, and Tables Main Ideas • Bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, and tables are useful for making comparisons and showing relationships. • Time lines, flowcharts, and causation charts are often used by geographers and historians. Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Main Idea 1: Bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, and tables are useful for making comparisons and showing relationships. Main Parts of a Map • Bar Graph – compares data about different places or time periods • Line Graph – shows a trend or pattern • Pie Chart – shows how the part of a whole are divided • Table – organizes and categorizes descriptive and/or statistical information These are useful because they convey ideas or information graphically. Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Texas History Chapter 1 Main Idea 2: Time lines, flowcharts, and causation charts are often used by geographers and historians. Three Types of Charts and Their Use • • • Pie Chart – shows how the parts of a whole are divided Flow Chart – shows steps in a series of activities Causation Chart – shows the causes and effects of an event or situation Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company