Transcript Digestive / Skeletal System

Digestive / Skeletal System
Schuylar Holmes
Tonecia Rich
Organs of Digestion
• Mouth
• Tongue-Helps with both chewing and swallowing
• Salivary Glands-Begins chemical digestion, changes
starch to maltose
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestines
• Pancreas
• Liver-Neutralizes stomach acid
• Gallbladder
• Large intestines
• The digestive system begins from the mouth-food is broken down
by teeth and mixed with saliva
• The digestive system is a group of organs working together to
convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire
body.
• Peristalsis-the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the
muscles of the intestine or another canal
• In 4 hours you can digest a meal and have an empty stomach
• Bolus-chewed food at the moment of swallowing.
• Hydrochloric acid is a chyme causes burning when a person vomits
• The esophagus is a muscular tube which carries food and liquids
from the throat to the stomach for digestion after it has been
chewed and chemically softened in the mouth. Food is forced into
the stomach by powerful waves of muscle contractions passing
through the walls of the esophagus. Because these contractions are
so strong in the throat and the esophagus, we can swallow in any
position, even upside-down.
• The gallbladder holds bile produced in the liver until it is
needed for digesting fatty foods in the duodenum of the
small intestine.
• Its recommended that healthcare workers receive a
vaccine to prevent Hepatitis B
• Food leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum
• The large intestine takes care of absorbing any water left
in the food that hasn’t been digested yet, and then
passing any unused waste from the body.
• Small intestines is where digestion is completed and
absorption occurs
• The rectum is a short, muscular tube that forms the
lowest portion of the large intestine and connects it to
the anus.
• The best way to treat constipation is high fiber diet,
increase fluid intake, and exercise
• The appendix is a part of the large intestines that does
not serve as a passage way for fecal waste
• Cancer can be found during a colonoscopy
• Alcoholism destroys the liver-overworks liver
• Uvula- small muscular structure that hangs
from the soft palate
• The liver secretes bile that aids the digestion
of fats
• Digestive enzymes empty into the duodenum
• Ulcer- bacterium burrows into the stomach
membrane
Common Disorders
• Removal of the gallbladder can treat the
disorder cholesystitis
• Diverticulitis- disorder of the large intestine
• The most life threatening digestive disorder is
Cirrhosis
• Peritonitis- complication of a ruptured
appendix
• Inguinal hernia- a disorder you can actually
see, protrusion of abdominal-cavity
Bone Types:
Short bone- wrist
Long bone- tibia
Flat bone- sternum
Irregular bone- vertebrae
Skeletal type:
Axial skeleton- contains skull, thoracic, lumbar and cervical vertebrae,
sacrum, ribs, and coccyx
Appendicular skeleton- shoulder and pelvic girdle, arms, hands, legs
and feet
- The skeletal system corresponds with the muscular system.
- It is responsible for the production of red bloods cells.
- The sternum has a greater chance of containing red marrow.
- The periosteum is located outside the bone
Bone Cells
-Osteoblasts: form new bone tissue
-Osteoclasts: secrete enzymes
-Osteocytes: mature bone cell
SKULL:
PARIETAL, OCCIPITAL, TEMPORAL, FRONTAL
-SUTURE: JOINT THAT CONNECTS PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL BONE.
- SINUSES ARE LOCATED IN THE SKULL
-NEWBORNS HAVE FONTANELS IN THERE SKULL UNLIKE MOST
ADULTS.
HANDS AND FEET:
-20 PHALANGES (FINGERS AND TOES) MOST BONES IN THE BODY.
- METATARSALS ARE IN THE INSTEP OF THE FOOT
-METACARPALS ARE THE KNUCKLES AND ARTICULATE WITH
PHALANGES.
Conditions
-Aspirin and exercise can treat arthritis inflammation of the joints.
-Bursitis affects the joints.
-A herniated disk can be treated with physical therapy, traction, or surgery.
-Kyphosis: is a condition of over-curvature of the thoracic vertebrae (upper back).
-Osteoporosis: bone disorder resulting from a loss of calcium and phosphorous.
-Greenstick fracture is more common in children.
-Gout usually affects the big toe the first time it occurs.