Transcript GFCM approach

GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN
Workshop on marine environment and
fisheries – CFP & MSFD
Brussels, 3rd - 4th April 2014
Status of exploited populations in the
Mediterranean and Black Sea
Miguel Bernal, Marta Coll, Alessandro Orio, Pilar Hernández and Roberto Emma
GFCM - Palazzo Blumenstihl, Via Vittoria Colonna 1, 00193, Rome, Italy – www.gfcm.org – [email protected]
• GFCM - SAC
• Data limited situations
• EcAP (UNEP-MAP) - MSFD
Good Environmental Status
Unimpacted
state
Deviation from
unimpacted state
Sub GEnS
Unacceptable degree
of impact
Destroyed/
irrecoverable
• Defined in GFCM “Guidelines for management
plans” (2012)
• Include limit, precautionary and target reference
points, referring both to Biomass and Fishing
mortality
• Similar to reference points for other RFMOs
• Framework for providing advice based on
reference points proposed in 2014
• Link between reference points and
management measures (e.g. HCR) suggested in
2013 guidelines for transitory measures pending
management plans, and also in first GFCM
management plan (small pelagics in Adriatic
Sea)
Unique
• Adopted by the SAC 2014
Only Biomass RP
Precautionary
Target, limit and
threshold
Unique
Advice
Only Exploitation
RP
…
Both Biomass
and Exploitation
RP
Unique B, unique
F
…
• Harmonization of advice based on
indicators and reference points
• Ideal situation based on indicators for both
fishing pressure and biomass
• More precautionary advice if only one
indicator or reduced set of reference
points.
• 121 stock assessments carried out since 2007 (standard assessment form adopted)
• A total of 83 stocks assessed from 18 out 0f 30 GSAs
• Around 40 stocks assessed per year in the last two years, around 14-15 % of the
declared catches in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
• Few stocks biomass reference points (5 pelagic stocks + one shrimp stock). Bmsy
from production models, Bpa from empirical analysis.
• All demersal stocks with F0.1 reference point (only one pelagic stock).
• Generic exploitation rate reference point (E“Patterson” = 0.4) used for pelagic stocks
Assessment results WGs 2014
Demersals stocks WGSAD & WGSABS
29 stocks assessed
(26 Mediterranean + 3 Black Sea)
21 stocks were
overfishing status
in
3 sustainable exploited
3 where considered as
qualitative assessments.
Assessment results WGs 2014
Demersals stocks
11 species for a total of 26 assessments
6 stocks assessed:
 Merluccius merluccius, Mullus barbatus, Parapenaeus longirostris
3 stocks assessed:
 Mullus surmuletus
1 stock assessed:
 Solea solea, Spicara smaris, Saurida undosquamis, Aristeus
antennatus, Nephrops norvegicus, Psetta maxima, Squalus
acanthias
Assessment results WGs 2014
Small pelagics stocks WGSAP +WGBS
16 assessements
(12 Mediterranean + 4 Black Sea)
2 depleted / unbalanced
5 overfishing and/or
overfished
2 stocks in increased risks
3 sustainable exploited
3 uncertain stock status
1 no advice
Assessment results WGs 2014
The small pelagic + BS WG……..
6 species for a total of 16 assessments
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Engraulis encrasicolus: 6 (1 sustainably exploited)
Sardina pilchardus: 6 (1 sustainably exploited)
Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus: 1
Engraulis encrasicolus maeoticus: 1
Sprattus sprattus: 1
Sarda sarda: 1
Status of stocks
in 2011
Status of stocks
in 2013
Several existing frameworks:
• Productivity – susceptibility analysis
• Risk Framework analysis
• Analysis of time series (Biomass, Biomass
proxies, CPUE, catches)
• ICES DLS framework
• Alternative indicators: Average length in the
catches, distribution area
• GFCM will have a dedicated Workshop for data
limited stocks in 2014
Environmental
Status
• GFCM is involved in the Ecosystem Approach Process
(EcAP) of UNEP-MAP; definition of descriptor 3
• EcAP is similar to MSFD, but involves all Members of the
Barcelona Convention (all Mediterranean riparian states)
Unimpacted
state
Deviation from
unimpacted state
Unacceptable
degree of
impact
Destroyed/
irrecoverable
• The EcAP descriptors, indicators and targets are
supposed to be adopted by mid 2015
• GFCM proposed a first draft of indicators for Ecological
Objective 3 (similar to Descriptor 3) in February 2014 first
Sub GEnS
for a UNEP-MAP workshop and then to the GFCM
Scientific Advisory Committee (doc available in the SAC
list of docs)
GEnS
• MSFD refers to relevant regional organisms including
regional seas conventions in several articles (e.g. 6, 7) in
order to coordinate with third parties
• GFCM participates in MSFD meetings since November
2013
Document
GFCM:SAC16/2014/Inf.
25
Includes operational
objectives, list of
species
First two operational
objectives approved,
last ones should be
further analysed
3.1 Level of exploitation by commercial fisheries allows populations to be
within biological safe limits
Indicator
Proposed GES Description
Proposed
Targets
3.1.1 Total
catch
Total catch of commercial species does
not exceed the Maximum Sustainable
Yield (MSY) and the by-catch is reduced.
State
-Long-Term
High Yields
-Catch < MSY
Description: Should ideally include
landings by commercial fleet,
recreational fishing, by catch and IUU
estimates. Due to difficulties to calculate
MSY, this should be a limit
Pressure
-Reduction
of IUU catch
Minimization
of discarding
and by-catch
Similar
indicators
from
other
policies
-CFP
-MSFD
-IndiSeas
Suggestions
for
development
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM
3.1 Level of exploitation by commercial fisheries allows populations to be
within biological safe limits
3.1.2 Fishing Fishing mortality in the stock does not
mortality
exceed the level that allows MSY (F≤
FMSY).
Description: FMSY is consider as a limit.
Only available if the stock has been
assessed. Fishing mortality (F) reflects all
deaths in the stock that are due to
fishing per year (not only what is actually
landed). It is common practice to refer F
as a scalar value but it would be more
appropriate to refer to it as a vector.
Pressure
-CFP
-FMSY
-MSFD
-F0.1 a proxy of
FMSY (more
precautionary)
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM
3.1 Level of exploitation by commercial fisheries allows populations to be
within biological safe limits
3.1.3
Biomass
indices
Stable or increasing biomass indices
State
(relative or absolute), with absolute value -Positive
at or above biomass that produces MSY. trend
-Biomass at
Description: Biomass indices can be
MSY (Bmsy)
calculated when scientific surveys
(when MSY
(trawling, acoustics, etc.) are available.
available)
Different targets can be used, such as
acceptable stock size, safe biological
limits, historical level of Catch per unit of
effort (CPUE), Trend of CPUE increasing
per year, Historical level of standardized
index of abundance form scientific
surveys. In the Mediterranean Sea,
regional data is not available for many
species.
-CFP
-MSFD
-IndiSeas
Regional data
is not available
for many
species
3.1 Level of exploitation by commercial fisheries allows populations to be
within biological safe limits
3.1.4 Ratio
between
catch and
biomass
index
(catch/biom
ass ratio)
The catch/biomass ratio allows to
recover the stock or to maintain it at a
level where it can produce the MSY
Description: The Catch/Biomass ratio
should entail a low risk of collapse of the
species, and a high probability of
recovery of the stock. If the species is at
risk, it should entail a low time frame of
recovery. This indicator is linked with
sustainable fishing.
Pressure
- Negative
trend
-CFP
-MSFD
-IndiSeas
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM (but
regional data
for biomass
not available
for many
species)
3.1 Level of exploitation by commercial fisheries allows populations to be
within biological safe limits
3.1.5.
Spatial
distributio
n of the
populatio
n
The spatial distribution of
population
is
maintained
increases.
the State
or - Positive -CFP-EC
trend
-MSFD
Description: It is important to know
the spatial distribution of species:
Species with wider distributions are
less vulnerable to fishing. However,
regional data is not always available.
This indicator is linked with
sustainable fishing and conservation
of biodiversity.
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM
3.2 The reproductive capacity of stocks is maintained
3.2.1. Length
distribution
of the
population
in the catch
The mean size of organisms in the catch
(Lt) is larger than the mean size at first
maturity (Lm)
3.2.2
Spawning
Stock
Biomass
(SSB)
The Spawning Stock Biomass is at a level
at which reproduction capacity is not
impaired
State
- Lt > Lm
-CFP
-MSFD
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM
State
-B > Bthr
(2xBlim)
-CFP
-MSFD
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM (only for
fully assessed
species)
Description:. It can also be used to
compare it with the minimum
conservation size. Length distribution will
be available only for those target species
with monitoring programs dedicated to
collect length distribution data.
Description: Only available if the stock
has been assessed. BMSY are generally not
available in the Med. When both 3.1.3 and
3.2.3 indicators are available (only for few
species) the most precautionary will be
adopted.
3.3. The impact of fishing activities in the ecosystem is low
3.3.1. Mean
Trophic Level
of the catch
(and
community)
3.3.2.
Proportion
of large fish
in the catch
(and the
community)
The Mean Trophic Level does not
decrease with time
State
-Positive
trend
Description: Being used with the CBD and
other programs. Time series of catch per
species or biomass (tones) and trophic
level of the species are needed. The
trophic level per species can be obtained
from FishBase, SeaLifeBase, or regional
datasets and models.
The proportion of large fish is maintained State
or increases with time
-Positive
trend
Description: The large fish indicator (LFI)
reflects the size structure of the fish
assemblage.For the Mediterranean Sea
we need to define “Large Fish”. This
indicator can be calculated from the catch
and from surveys (if data is available).
-MSFD
-CBD
-IndiSeas
-OSPAR
Currently not
monitored but
likely feasible
in the future
(especially
using catch
data)
-MSFD
-IndiSeas
Currently not
monitored but
likely feasible
in the future
(especially
using catch
data)
3.3. The impact of fishing activities in the ecosystem is low
3.3.3.
Proportion
of
predatory
fish in the
catch (and
in the
community)
3.3.4.
Proportion
of all
exploited
species with
declining
biomass in
the
population
The proportion of predatory fish in the
population is maintained or increases
with time
State
-Positive
trend
Description: This indicator complements
3.3.3 and uses time series of total catch
and catch of predatory species. This
indicator can be calculated from biomass
surveys if data is available. The definition
of predatory fish should be specifically
defined for the Mediterranean region.
The proportion of species with declining State
biomass in the population is reduced with -Negative
time
trend
Description: this indicator is based on
data from 3.1.3 (Biomass indices) and will
be only calculated when time series of
survey biomass of retained species is
available.
-MSFD
-IndiSeas
Currently not
monitored but
likely feasible
in the future
(especially
using catch
data)
-IndiSeas
Currently not
monitored but
likely feasible
in the future if
survey data
available
Group of species proposed (from GFCM Data Collection Reference Framework)
Group I: Species that drive the fishery and for which assessment is regularly carried out.
Group II: Species that are important in terms of landing and/or economic values at
regional and subregional level and for which assessment is not regularly carried out.
Group III: Species under international or national management plans; species under
recovery and/or action plans for conservation. This Group 3 also contains a list of nonindigenous species with the greatest potential impact.
Vulnerable species: List of endangered or threatened species included in the Appendix
II-III of the SPA/BD Protocol of the Barcelona Convention (Convention for the
Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean).
3.1 Level of exploitation by commercial fisheries allows populations to be within
biological safe limits
Operational
objective
Indicator
Species included
GES general
objective
Biodiversity
components
Cost-effective
3.1.1 Total catch
-Priority species (I-IIIII)
-Vulnerable species
-Sustainable
fishing
-Conservation
of biodiversity
- exploited
populations
- communities
- ecosystem
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM
3.1.2 Fishing mortality
-Priority species (I)
-Sustainable
fishing
- exploited
populations
3.1.3 Biomass indices
-Priority species (I-IIIII)
-Vulnerable species
-Sustainable
fishing
-Conservation
of biodiversity
- exploited
populations
- communities
- ecosystem
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM (only for
fully assessed
species)
Regional data
is not available
for many
species
-Sustainable
fishing
- exploited
populations
- communities
- ecosystem
3.1.4 Ratio between
-Priority species (I-IIcatch and biomass index III)
(catch/biomass ratio)
-Vulnerable species
3.1.5. Spatial distribution -Priority species (I-II) -Sustainable
of the population
fishing
-Conservation
of biodiversity
- exploited
populations
- communities
- ecosystem
Regularly
monitored by
GFCM (but
regional data
for biomass
not available
for many
species)
Regional data
is not available
for many
species (to the
level of GSA
(only for fully
assessed
species)
Potential
overlap with
Common
Indicators
Common
indicator 4
(population
abundance)
Common
indicator 3
(species
distributional
range)
3.3. The impact of fishing activities in the ecosystem is low
3.2. The reproductive
capacity of stocks is
maintained
Operational Indicator
objective
Species included
GES general
objective
Biodiversity
components
Cost-effective
3.2.1. Length
distribution of the
population in the
catch
-Priority species (I-II) -Sustainable
fishing
- exploited
populations
- communities
Regularly monitored by
GFCM
3.2.2 Spawning Stock
Biomass (SSB)
-Priority species (I-II) -Sustainable
fishing
- exploited
populations
Regularly monitored by
GFCM (only for fully
assessed species)
3.3.1. Mean Trophic
Level of the catch
(and community)
-Priority species (I-II- -Sustainable
III)
fishing
-Vulnerable species -Conservation of
biodiversity
- exploited
populations
- communities
- ecosystem
Currently not monitored
but likely feasible in the
future (especially using
catch data)
3.3.2. Proportion of
-Priority species (I-II- -Sustainable
- exploited
large fish in the catch III)
fishing
populations
(and the community) -Vulnerable species -Conservation of - communities
biodiversity
Currently not monitored
but likely feasible in the
future (especially using
catch data)
3.3.3. Proportion of
predatory fish in the
catch (and in the
community)
- exploited
populations
- communities
- ecosystem
Currently not monitored
but likely feasible in the
future (especially using
catch data)
- exploited
populations
- communities
- ecosystem
Currently not monitored
but likely feasible in the
future if survey data
available
-Priority species (I-II- -Sustainable
III)
fishing
-Vulnerable species -Conservation of
biodiversity
3.3.4. Proportion of all -Priority species (I-IIexploited species with III)
declining biomass in -Vulnerable species
the population
-Sustainable
fishing
-Conservation of
biodiversity
Potential
overlap with
Common
Indicators
Common
indicator 5
(population
demographic
characteristics
)
MedSuit project
• Joint project with the Italian Ministry of Environment
related to the status of commercially exploited
population in the Mediterranean, the MSDF and the
EcAP
• Analyse differences between assessment on the
status of stocks from GFCM, MSFD, EcAP
• Propose harmonization on areas with shared stocks
between EU and non-EU countries
• A regional workshop is expected to be launched in
2014 (TBD) which should, inter alia, launch a regional
case study (possibly in the Adriatic Sea)
GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN
Thank you for your
attention !
Workshop on marine environment and
fisheries – CFP & MSFD
Brussels, 3rd - 4th April 2014