Transcript Biological Diversity and Survival

Biological Diversity and Survival
Unit A: Topic 1
Biology and Biological Diversity
• Biology:
– The study of living things
• Biological Diversity:
– The number and variety of organisms
• If there are so many types of organisms in the world,
does eliminating one really matter?
• Bill Nye
Question sheet (23 min)
Biodiversity
http://www.accesslearning.com/videodetail.cfm
?asset_guid=44D2EC5B-C8A5-4C2B-AE7E24DFCD9D17D5
Shared Characteristics of All Living
Organisms
•
•
•
•
•
Are made up of cells
Need energy
Grow and develop
Reproduce
Have adaptations that suit them for the
environment they live in
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juxLuosH6M
Biotic vs. Abiotic
• Biotic
– Living things
• Ex. Dogs, sponges, mold, bacteria, trees
• Abiotic
– Non living things
• Ex. Air, water, sunlight, rocks
• Both biotic and abiotic factors affect the
organisms that we will be talking about. Make
sure you understand the difference.
Arrangement of Species
• Individual:
– One single organism that is affected by its surroundings.
• Population:
– A group of individuals of the same species living in an area.
• Ex. All the magpies living in a certain park.
• Community:
– Populations of different species live in the same area.
• Ex. The same park is a community because it contains other organisms besides
magpies, such as grasses, trees, gophers, and other birds.
• Ecosystem:
– A certain environment in which living things interact with other living
and non-living things
•
Ex. A wetland ecosystem
Use the example of a school to explain the previous arrangement to
a your table partner
Classification of Organisms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqxomJIBGcY
-Most generalKingdoms
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
-Most specific-
Ex. Animalia
Ex. Chordata
Ex. Mammalia
Ex. Primates
Ex. Hominidae
Ex. Homo
Ex. Sapiens
These birds look very similar,
but they differ once we get down
to the species category. This
means that the birds will not
mate.
Helpful way to remember it:
King Philip Came Over For Green Spinach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jAGOibTMuU
Two Word Naming System
• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
• Two words name each living thing
(The system is called binomial nomenclature)
• The scientific name of an organism:
Genus species
• Closely related organisms would have the same
genus name but not the same species
• Latin continues to be used for classification
systems because it is a dead and unchanging
language.
Genus Panthera
• Activity:
Sizing up a species – ID an Arthropod
http://www.idnrteachkids.org/fieldtrip/BioBasic
s/SizingSpecies.pdf
Classification System
Classification System
1. Archaea - single celled organisms that can
live in extreme conditions
2. Monera – bacteria
3. Protista – amoeba, algae
4. Fungi – yeast, mold, mushrooms
5. Plantae – Ferns, trees, weeds, flowers
6. Animalia – birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish
Species Distribution
• Areas around the equator have the greatest
number of species.
• There is also the greatest number of species in
the tropical regions.
• Therefore the most biologically diverse places
on earth are tropical rain forests in equatorial
regions.
Adaptations
• Structural Adaptation
– A physical characteristic that allows the organism
to survive
Ex. Pitcher plant
• Behavioural Adaptation
– A behavioural characteristic that allows the
organism to survive
Ex. An owl hunting at night
Ex. The migration of birds in the winter.
Name and vote for your favourite
behavioural adaptation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lyre bird
Mimics any sound it hears, including chainsaws and car alarms
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=VjE0Kdfos4Y
Bower bird
Good at interior decorating
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=GPbWJPsBPdA
Carnivorous plants
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=ktIGVtKdgwo
King penguins
Spot your sibling in a colony of 600,000
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=B71T_GpA2AM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meerkats
Didn’t get any sleep last night? You’re not alone
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=Wds8D8mCDQk
Praying mantis
Poor male
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYp_Xi4AtAQ
Plumed bird of paradise
Courtship ritual, reminds me of a hockey game
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=cEh-zclVo44
Caterpillars
Hiding from the birds
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=oWOC8trquFo
Male seahorse giving birth
Two oddities: males having babies and is the seahorse a fish or a mammal?
http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=BPlnqckOPdY
For Fun
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssXJtzFOjA
• ANIMAL CRACKERS (The Best of BBC One's
Walk On The Wild Side)
Species and Speciation
• Species:
– Living things that have the same structures and
can reproduce with one another
• There are more species of insects than all other life
forms combined
• Speciation:
– The process of one specific type of species
changing into another similar, but different
species.
Variation
• Variation:
– Differences in characteristics of organisms caused by genetic and
environmental factors
• Individuals are more likely to survive environmental changes if
variation exists.
– The introduction of a new predator, the spread of a new disease, the
introduction of a toxic substance, the elimination of a food source –
these could all wipe out a species.
• The value of variation:
– Resistance to disease
– To allow for the overall health of an area
– Ability to survive severe environments
Variation within a species
• Variability
– Variation within
a species
• Natural Selection
– The environment “selects” which organism will survive
to reproduce.
– Example: Larger birds in Nebraska survived a storm
because they had more body fat
http://www.answersingenesis.org/getanswers/features/natural-selection-is-not-evolution
Measuring Variation in the Human
Hand Activity
• Complete the activity with a partner
• Due next class to hand in
40 Pleasantly Surprising Animal Facts
Guaranteed To Make You Smile
• http://news.distractify.com/geek/trivialfacts/24-of-the-happiest-animal-facts/
Verbal Review Questions
• What is biodiversity?
• What is the difference between abiotic and
biotic?
• Identify the boxes in the following diagram
• What are the classification rankings?
Verbal Review Questions
• How are organisms distributed around the
world?
• What is an adaptation?
• What is speciation?
• What is variation?
• How does variation help the ecosystems?