Transcript Ecology PowerPoint - Leon County Schools

Ecology Vocabulary
Vocab Word
Root word &
meaning
Definition
(will be filled in
later)
Vocab
1. Ecology
2. Producer
3. Consumer
4. Decomposer
5. Autotroph
6. Heterotroph
7. Trophic Level
8. Food Web
9. Ecosystem
10.Succession
11.Climate
12.Biodiversity
13.Biome
14.Population
15.Community
16.Niche
17.Symbiosis
18.Biotic Factor
19.Abiotic Factor
20.Immigration
21.Emigration
22.Density
23.Carrying Capacity
Vocab
1. Ecology
2. Producer
3. Consumer
4. Decomposer
5. Autotroph
6. Heterotroph
7. Trophic Level
8. Food Web
9. Ecosystem
10.Succession
11.Climate
12.Biodiversity
13.Biome
14.Population
15.Community
16.Niche
17.Symbiosis
18.Biotic Factor
19.Abiotic Factor
20.Immigration
21.Emigration
22.Density
23.Carrying Capacity
Let’s Practice! Part A
Match the term with the correct description.
1. This organism makes it’s own food ____
2. Process by which one community
replaces another_____
3. Biological community and all the nonliving factors that affect it _____
4. Organisms that break down dead
organisms and recycle nutrients _____
5. A number of different species living
in a specific area _____
6. Each step in a food chain or food web ____
7. Average weather conditions in a specific
area.
a. Ecosystem
b. Biodiversity
c. Heterotroph
d. Autotroph
e. Succession
f. Trophic Level
g. Decomposer
h. Food Web
i. Climate
j. Ecology
The Answers are……
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
D – Autotroph
E – Succession
A – Ecosystem
G – Decomposer
B – Biodiversity
F – Trophic Level
I – Climate
Let’s Practice! Part B
Match the term with the correct description.
1. A model that shows interconnections
a. Population
of food chains ______.
b. Density
1. Organisms that cannot make their own
c. Abiotic Factor
food gets energy from other organism___
d. Food Web
3. Large group of ecosystems that share
e. Succession
the same climate and similar communities f. Niche
4. Any nonliving factor in an organisms
g. Heterotroph
environment ______
h. Community
5. Group of same species in a given area at
i. Autotroph
a given time _____
j. Biome
6. Role or position of an organism in its environment _____
7. The number of organisms in a given area at a given time ____
The Answers are……
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
D –Food Web
G –Heterotroph
J –Biome
C – Abiotic Factor
A – Population
F – Niche
B – Density
1. Ecology- the study of living and non-living
parts of the environment, how they interact,
and how they affect one another
7. Trophic Levelwhere an organism
is located within a
food chain
10. Succession- process by which one
community replaces another community
because of changing biotic and/or abiotic factors
17. Symbiosis- close association between two or
more species that live together (3 different
types)
22. Density- Population Density – number of
organisms living in a specific area Ex: 20
squirrels/ block
23. Carrying Capacity- largest number of
individuals in a species that an environment can
support long-term
Ticket To Leave
1. Ecology is the study of
interactions between
__________.
a. The animal groups in
an area.
b. Living and nonliving
things in an area.
c. The nonliving things in
an area.
d. The plants and animals
in an area.
2. The phrase carrying
capacity refers to ______.
a. Storing extra food in
the winter
b. The number of
organisms a habitat
can support
c. Transporting food to
organisms in an area
d. The maximum possible
weight of an individual
organism
Crack Your Cranium
1. The number of different
species in a given area is a
measure of _________.
a. Population
b. Biodiversity
c. Niche
d. autotrophs
2. An example of a biotic
factor is _________.
a. Food supply
b. Light
c. Rainfall
d. Temperature
Crack Your Cranium
3. Which of the following
organisms would be
considered an autotroph?
a. Bacteria
b. Grass
c. Rabbit
d. Soil Nutrients
Thursday – Start here
Ecology
The study of relationships among living organisms
and the interaction the organisms have with their
environment
http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/ecosystems/
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/actio
n/yt/watch?v=eIt2O9eQdkg
Equilibrium
• Equilibrium- all things are equal/balanced
• Homeostasis- an environment that is relatively
stable and consistent
Ecosystems want to be in homeostasis
• After a minor disturbance they will usually
return to homeostasis
– Ex:
• Major disturbances sometimes cause too
much harm for that too happen
– Ex:
Food Chains and Food Webs
• Trophic Level – each step in a food chain or
food web.
• Food Chain – simple model that shows how
energy flows through an ecosystem.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/foodchains/
Food Webs
• Food Web – model representing the many
interconnected food chains and pathways in
which energy flows through a group of
organisms.
– Larger food webs are more stable
– If one species or population gets removed there is
a great chance of there being another species to
fill the niche
Trophic Levels
Roles of Organisms
Producers – take energy from sunlight or chemical
source and convert into food source.
Autotrophs – make their own food.
Consumers/Heterotrophs – need to eat other
organisms as an energy source.
• Herbivore – eats plants.
• Carnivore- eats flesh/meat.
• Omnivore- eats all things..plants and animals.
• Detrivore- eats organisms that are dead.
• Decomposer- breaks down dead/decaying
organisms into simple compounds/elements for
recycling. (CHNOPS)
Food Chain
Food Web
Food Web – Coniferous Forest
Practice
1. __get energy by eating
other organisms
2. __eat both plants and
animals
3. __eat only animals
4. __collect energy to produce
5. __eat only plants
6. __eat or break down dead
things
A.Autotrophs
B.Carnivores
C.Detrivores
D.Herbivores
E. Heterotrophs
F. Omnivores
Practice
Grass  Grasshopper  Raccoon  Coyote
____
____
Word Bank:
Carnivore herbivore
____
omnivore
____
producer
Word Bank:
Primary consumer
producer
secondary consumer
Use the food web to answer
the following questions.
1. Identify an Autotroph
2. Identify an Herbivore
3. Identify an Omnivore
4. Identify an Carnivore
5. Draw a “food chain”
1. Identify the “top
Carnivore”
2. Name a producer
3. Name a omnivore
4. What would happen
if the “Bird”
population would
die off?
5. What role do
decomposers play?
Give an example
Thursday - END
Friday- Start
Biotic vs Abiotic
Objective: I will be able to describe how energy
flows through a food chain and matter gets
cycled.
EQ: What is the difference between energy
flowing and matter cycling through an
ecosystem?
Energy Flows
• Flows through the food chain
• Ultimate source of energy is the SUN
• Every food chain must start with a producer
who can convert the Sun’s energy into
chemical energy
• With every link in the food chain only 10% of
the energy gets passed on
• Energy also gets lost (converted) as heat (it
gets used up)
• The producers always have the largest
population
• The very top consumer has a limited/smaller
population
• Since only 10% of the energy gets past on, top
consumers must eat a lot more food to get
their energy, so they have to have smaller
populations
Ecological Pyramids
http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/energypyramid/
Ecological Pyramids
Matter Cycles
• Matter = atoms and molecules
• Cannot be created or destroyed
• Cycles through a food chain then gets
decomposed back into the ground (and used
by plants to restart the cycle)
• Ex: water cycle, carbon cycle
Ticket To Leave
5. Which of the following
organisms would be
considered an autotroph?
a. Bacteria
b. Grass
c. Rabbit
d. Soil Nutrients
Friday - End
Friday 2/28 Start
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/actio
n/yt/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q (all 3, 5 min)
Population Dynamics
Predation- a predator hunts/kills its prey for
food/energy
Predator – the one hunting/benefiting
Prey- the one that dies
Competition-two or more organisms have
similar niches which cause them to compete for
resources (food, shelter) and lower their fitness
Both are harmed
Symbiotic Relationships-close
relationships between two or more
species that live together.
•Mutualism – two or more organisms rely on each other to
live
•Both Benefit
•Commensalism – one organism relies on another to live
•One benefits, One is unaffected
•Parasitism - a parasite uses a host for energy, shelter, and
nutrition
•One benefits, one is harmed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOXvLZHe9
DM (5 worst parasites, 2.2 min)
Can You ID the Type of Relationship?
The Answer
Mutualism
Commensalism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Can You ID the Type of Relationship?
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/actio
n/yt/watch?v=dvAjKDyatr0 (sharks, 2 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0lKhKZDv
4w (humans, dolphins 3.5min)
• The Guinea worm
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch
?annotation_id=annotation_2269764611&feature=iv&src_
vid=FOXvLZHe9DM&v=yEhujLgu7wM 130
•
• Human bot fly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDoB7uY7TFc 450
•
• Loa Loa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtUGeOcPDQ0 35 sec
•
Practice
Monday 3/3
Objective – I will be able to describe factors that
effect population growth/size.
EQ – What factors effect population growth?
Title – Population Dynamics
Levels of Organization
Biosphere – “Ball of Life”
• Thin layer around Earth that supports life.
• Made up of atmosphere, land and water
• Diversity of the environment and organisms
controlled by two groups of “factors”
- living (biotic)
- nonliving (abiotic)
Biome
• All the ecosystems that have similar climates
and plant life
Answers to Level of Organization
1. Individual
2. Population
3. Community
4. Ecosystem
5. Biome
6. Biosphere
Population Characteristics
• Population Density – number of individual
organisms in a given area at a given time.
• Spatial Distribution – the pattern of spacing of
a population with in an area.
Population Size
What characteristics effect the growth rate?
Natality – Birth Rate
Mortality – Death Rate
Emigration – individuals moving away
Immigration – individuals moving in
Carrying Capacity
• Maximum number of individuals in a species that
an environment can support for the long term.
• Limited by resources (energy, water, oxygen, and
nutrients.)
Population Growth Rates
Population Limiting Factors
• Abiotic or Biotic factors that keep a population
from continuing to increase indefinitely.
• Density-Independent Factors – any factor in
the environment that does not depend on the
numbers of individuals in a population per unit
area.
• Density Dependent Factors – any factor in the
environment that depends on the numbers of
individuals in a population per unit area.
Population Graph Activity
Station 1
1. Define/Describe carrying capacity.
2. Which of the two curves exhibits exponential growth?
3. Which of the two curves exhibits a carrying capacity?
4. What is the carrying capacity of this graph?
5. In what generation does this population reach its
carrying capacity?
Station 2
1. For what type of organism is the carrying capacity
shown?
2. Give one possible reason why the population decreased
in 1990 after it had reached its carrying capacity.
3. Give one hypothesis to explain why the population
exceeded its carrying capacity in 1992.
4. Why did the population decrease in 1994 after it
exceeded the carrying capacity?
Station 3
1. Who has a better chance of surviving infancy - Indian
or American women?
2. What density-dependent factors give them a better
chance of surviving? (Think about life in these 2
countries)
3. At what age are most oysters dead?
4. At what age are most fish dead?
5. Look at Curve A. Notice that it levels off between the
ages of 20-40. What does this mean?
6. Which has a longer life expectancy - fish or oysters?
Station 4
1. Which of the 2 types of bacteria will soon die? Why?
2. Describe the ecological relationship “competition.”
3. Which of the 2 bacteria strains is better adapted for
competition?
4. How is the growth rate for P. caudatum different
when it is grown alone?
5. What happens to the growth rate of P. aurelia
around day 12?
Station 5
1. What is the greatest moose population? What year
did that occur? What was the wolf population when
the moose population was greatest?
2. What would happen to the wolf population if the
moose population decreases?
3. What would happen to the moose population if the
wolves were removed from Isle Royale?
4. Describe the pattern between the wolf (predator)
population in relation to the moose (prey) population.
Station 6
5. Identify a factor, other than moose population, that has
influenced the wolf population in Isle Royale.
6. Identify two factors, other than the wolf population, that
may influence the moose population.
7. Isle Royale has been undeclared as a national park and has
been purchased by a large resort. Describe one positive and
one negative impact on the Isle Royale ecosystem.
8. Are predator-prey relationships density-dependent or
density-independent limiting factors? Explain.
Ecological Succession Video
Here are some videos that can be used for succession. The first one is of Mt. St. Helen
erupting. 6 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_HZVY1tT4
A good video explaining and comparing succession. But its with
pictures https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V49IovRSJDs 6 min
A short video of a slide show showing succession 230
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxuttSOtqNE
A short video on mt st helen with a before and after the blast 230
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RsMyVavT2Q
a video on secondary succession. The forest fire at yellow stone park. 4 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ0zqo1opv8
Ecological Succession
The change in an ecosystem that happens when
one community replaces another as a result of
changing abiotic and biotic factors.
• Two Types of Succession
a. Primary Succession – the establishment of a
community in an area of exposed rock that does
not have any topsoil
– New habitat in that area, for the first time
b. Secondary Succession– the orderly and
predictable change that takes place after a
community of organisms have been removed
but the soil has remained intact.
– Faster
– Reduces population
– Started by an event (flood, fire)
Pioneer Community- first group of plants and
animals to start living in the area
Climax Community- final and most stable group
of plants and animals to live in the area
Ecological Succession
Ecological Succession
Primary vs. Secondary
How does Climate change effect
ecosystems?
• Ex: Rising average temperatures organisms
are immigrating to new ecosystem where the
temperature is what they are used to
How do Seasonal changes effect
ecosystems?
•
•
•
•
Changes in diet
Hibernation
Estivation – hibernation in the desert
Changes to fur or color
• These will cause new dynamics in the
homeostasis of the ecosystem
Practice
Order from first to last.
Match the pictures to the description.
1. Climax Community ___
4. Few primary consumers ___
2. Weeds begin to appear ___
5. Most animals present ___
3. Soil good for larger plants ___ 6. Rabbits, mice, & fox might be
here ___
Stop Monday
Here are some videos
Where does water come from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwVU0-2Qnso 3:45
Zones of the oceans 5:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lt7b8_kBjYM
Ocean layers 348 nice video with video of creatures in the different zones
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BY8h3Shv0_s
water circulation 200
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCh04Mi6gNo
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=kL-9TB4qAho
• Guided reading packet
Freshwater Ecosystem
Distinct Zones of Life in a Fairly
Deep Temperate Zone Lake
Water Stands in Some Freshwater
Systems and Flows in Others (2)
• Formation of lakes
• Four zones based on depth and distance
from shore
– Littoral zone
– Limnetic zone
– Profundal zone
– Benthic zone
Bingo
Write the following words on your Bingo chart. Go in
order of the list, but place them in random boxes.
1.Primary Succession 11.Transitional Aquatic
2.Secondary Succession Ecosystem
12.Wetland
3.Climax Community
4.Pioneer Community 13.Estuary
14.Intertidal Zone
5.Salinity
15.Photic Zone
6.Oligotrophic
16.Aphotic Zone
7.Eutrophic
17.Pelagic Zone
8.Littoral Zone
18.Benthic Zone
9.Limnetic Zone
19.Abyssal Zone
10.Profundal Zone
20.Lichen
Tuesday 3/25
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/actio
n/yt/watch?v=iFeRFmqFChQ
Bill Nye Biodiversity
Biodiversity
• The variety of life in an area that is determined by the
number of different species in that area.
• Increases the stability of an ecosystem and contributes
to the health of the biosphere.
• Includes:
Genetic Diversity – variety of genes/inheritable
characteristics in a population.
Species Diversity – number of different species and
the abundance of each species in a biological
community.
Ecosystem Diversity – variety of ecosystems in the
biosphere.
• Species Richness –
number of different
species in an ecosystem
• Species Evenness –
compares the number
of organisms of each
species in an area
Practice
Threats to Biodiversity
What is the Importance of
Biodiversity?
Direct Economic Values
Indirect Economic Values
Aesthetic and Scientific Values
Impact of Human Activities
Conserving Natural Resources
Types of Natural Resources
Consumption of Energy Sources
World Consumption of Energy Sources
An Inconvenient Truth
• http://putlocker.bz/watch-an-inconvenienttruth-online-free-putlocker.html
• Please watch the video clips from the movie
and answer the questions on your video
activity sheet.