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Interconnectivities in Forests Jon Honea What is important about a forest? What kinds of interactions and relationships bind species together? Energy acquisition • Where does the energy come from? • What organisms make it available/usable for other types of organisms? • Photosynthesis video1 (choose one with ATP synthesis) • Photosynthesis video2 Species interactions • • • • • Predator-prey Competition Mutualism Parasitism Cumulative, multiple, indirect complex superhard to trace and study interactions Predator-prey • Centipede • Centipede (same video, alternative stream) Competition For resources in limited supply. Mutualism or Symbiosis Examples? Pollination Seed dispersal What characteristics of seeds might be involved in getting them to a good spot to germinate? Seed dispersal Tasty Volant (flighty) Sticky What is this? Morkpork covered in sticky bird-catcher tree seeds Morkpork cleaned (then released 4 days later) Images and rescue courtesy of the Whangarei Native Bird Recovery Centre Mutualism or Symbiosis • African fig ecosystem • Others? Parasitism Parasitism: spruce budworm Parasitism: mountain pine beetle Nutrient Cycling and Transfer Decomposition Salmon Dead salmon Pathways of Nutrients from Salmon Hydrologic Cycle Why should we look at watersheds if we’re concerned about water quality? Key factors affecting streams are controlled by their watersheds!! Succession Succession • One of those “cumulative, multiple, indirect complex super-hard to trace and study interactions” • Some driving processes we’ve discussed: – – – – – – Predator-prey Competition Mutualism Parasitism Nutrient cycling Hydrologic cycle • Video Biodiversity • Why is biodiversity important? • Insurance hypothesis. • Influences invasion by exotic species. • Ethical reasons: stewardship.