Transcript Ecological Succession

Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
Biomes
Ecological Succession
How many producers are in the diagram?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Since lichen produces its own food
through photosynthesis, what would it
be?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A producer
A primary consumer
fungi (form of a mushroom)
bacteria
a. Producers (produces own food)
Bacteria and fungi are
decomposers and get energy
by breaking down dead matter.
A minnow eats algae in a pond. The
minnow’s body uses the stored sugars in
the algae to meet its energy needs. What
type of organism is the minnow?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A producer
A consumer
A scavenger
A decomposer
The answer is B. I
am a consumer. To
be exact, I am a
primary consumer
because I only eat
producers.
How do decomposers meet
their energy needs?
a. By converting sunlight
into glucose
b. By consuming
producers
c. By engaging in
predation
d. By breaking down organic
matter.
d. By breaking down organic matter (biomass).
Which of the following is an abiotic factor
found in a tundra?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Polar bear
Biotic factors
Snow owl
Extreme heat Heat is an abiotic factor, but
not a factor of a tundra biome.
Snow/ice
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bats eat mosquitoes and various other bugs. A
population of bats in the forest ecosystem,
experiences a record high birthrate. How will this
most likely effect the insect populations in the
forest?
The insect population will increase.
The insect population will decrease.
The insect population will not be effected.
The insect population will migrate to other areas.
b. The insect population will decrease.
Oh no.
where’d all
the bugs go?
It’s our fault.
There is just
too many of us
eating the
same food.
A glacier retreats and exposes bare
rock. What will occur next?
a. Grasses will begin growing out of the
rock.
b. A forest will grow in the area.
c. A pioneer species, lichen will begin
growning, turning rock into soil.
d. The rock will be covered by another
glacier.
c. A pioneer
species,
lichen will
grow, turning
rock into soil.
This is an
example of
primary
succession.
Which type of organism is found at
the top of an energy pyramid
representing an ecosystem?
a. Consumer
b. Decomposer
c. Prey
d. Producer
a. Consumer
The tertiary consumers, at the top,
get the least amount of energy
from the food they consume.
Producers have
the most energy
in a food chain.
According to this
food web, which
of the following
animals would
be a tertiary
consumer in this
ecosystem?
a. Mountain lion
b. Turtle
c. Sunfish
d. Raccoon
a. Mountain lion
The mountain lion is the tertiary
consumer in this food web because it is
not eaten by any other organism.
Which adaptation would be most
important for plants living in a desert
biome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cold-blooded
Nocturnal (active at night)
Less fur/ability to shed fur
Survive with little water
The other answer
choices could be
adaptations for
desert animals.
According to the
food web above,
which producer
gives its energy to
the greatest
number of primary
consumers?
a. Egret
b. Shrub
c. Sunfish
d. Algae
d. Algae
Algae is a producer
because it can
“produce” its own
food through
photosynthesis.
According to the food
web above, what type
of organism is the
sunfish?
a. Producer
b. Primary consumer
c. Secondary consumer
d. Tertiary
c. Secondary Consumer
The sunfish a secondary consumer
because it eats both plants and animals
AND it can still be eaten.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The role of a pioneer species in primary
succession is to change a bare habitat into
one that is suitable for other organisms. A
species that is responsible for primary
succession in an ecosystem is MOST likely
able to —
survive any predator
migrate during the winter
live at high altitudes
carry out photosynthesis
d. carry out photosynthesis
The lichen must
be able to produce their own
food through photosynthesis.
Lacewings
Aphids
Spiders
Tomatoes
Lady Beetle
In the food web shown above, which organism’s
food supply would be least affected by a spray
that kills large numbers of aphids?
a. Tomatoes
c. Lady beetles
b.Lacewings
D. Spiders
a. Tomatoes
Tomatoes are producers and they
make their own food, so their food supply
would not be affected by spraying
pesticides.
Which of the following sequences MOST
likely represents ecological succession on a
recently abandoned wheat field?
A. grasses flowering plants shrubs native trees
B. native trees shrubs flowering plants grasses
C. shrubs grasses native trees flowering plants
D. flowering plants native trees shrubs grasses
A. grasses flowering plants
Usually simple plants like
grasses grow first in
succession. This would
be secondary
succession since soil
is already present.
shrubs
native trees
Which of these types of environments is
MOST LIKELY to experience the arrival
of pioneer species, lichen?
A.
B.
C.
D.
An old growth forest
An undisturbed prairie
An established mountain lake
A newly formed volcanic island
d. A newly formed volcanic island
When lava cools, it forms a new layer of rock. A
pioneer species would then come into this
environment and change this rock into soil.
The arrows in the
diagram show
A. that some organisms
are more important than
others
B. the direction of energy
flow through organisms The arrow shows the
C. the direction of electrical energy transfer from one
flow through organisms organism to the next.
Remember that
D. the sequence of events producers have the most
in feeding relationships potential food energy.
Biome Plant Description
1
Absence of trees; plants with thick leaves to withstand strong winds;
extensive root system; seasonal plants
2
Nonporous, extremely small or reduced leaves to minimize water loss;
dormant during extreme heat; fewer stomata, extended root systems
3
Small, low growing; dark, hairy leaves to absorb heat; grow in clumps for
greater protection from wind and cold; flowers often disk-shaped to
collect sun
4
Leaves with drip tips, climbing vines, smooth bark; buttress roots; dense
canopy promotes intense plant competition
Refer to the table. Which plants would most likely be found in
the rainforest?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
What kind of organism is not shown in the
diagram?
A. producer
B. consumer
C. herbivore
D. decomposer The only organism that is
missing is the decomposer.
The figure above shows the same ecosystem in Texas
at two different times. Which of the following MOST likely
caused the change of species shown in the figure?
A. Development of a parking lot
B. Passing through of a glacier All of the other answer
choices would not
C. Preservation of habitat
cause succession in
D. Occurrence of forest fire
this area.
Which natural event would be most likely to
cause succession in a grassy field?
a. All the soil remains wet for several days
after a heavy rain.
b. Most of the grass is blown flat by a
strong wind.
c. Many grass plants die after a long period
of no rainfall.
d. The grass leaves are injured by a frost.
c. Many grass plants die after a long period of no
rainfall.
When the grasses die this
allows other plants to
enter the ecosystem.
This a form of
succession.
Biome
Plant Description
1
Absence of trees; plants with think leaves to withstand strong winds;
extensive root system; seasonal plants
2
Nonporous, extremely small or reduced leaves to minimize water loss;
dormant during extreme temperature; fewer stomata, extended root
systems
3
Small, low growing; dark, hairy leaves to absorb heat; grow in clumps for
greater protection from wind and cold; flowers often disk-shaped to
collect sun
4
Leaves with drip tips, climbing vines, smooth bark; buttress roots; dense
canopy promotes intense plant competition
Refer to the table. Which plants would more adapted for a
tundra?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Which of these situations is MOST LIKELY
to result in the establishment of pioneer
species in an ecosystem?
A. Seasonal flooding of a wetland
B. Harvesting of a wheat field
C. Devastating fire in a forest
D. None of the above
None of the answer choices
would cause a pioneer
species to enter that area.
In all the answer choices,
soil would be already
present.
A. Seasonal flooding of a
wetland
B. Harvesting of a wheat field
C. Devastating fire in a forest
1. Which consumers have the
most varied diet?
2. List the primary consumers (3)
3. What would happen if there
was a decline in the frog
population?
4. What would happen if there
was an increase in the deer
population?