Transcript Problematic Hayawanat

“Problematic
hayawanat”
Azlini binti Hj.
Ismail
Aimi Salwani binti Abdul
Rahman
Amirah binti Abdul
Razak
MUSLIM SCIENTISTS
Introduction
Concept : Documentary
Among the greatest challenges is the
accelerating pace of species extinctions.
Concerning about this matter, we will
bring you towards examining biodiversity
crisis and its solutions.
Case Study:
Whales
Overexploitation-
WHALES OVEREXPLOITATION
Whales ,the lasrgest living animal are rare in the world’s ocean today,their
numbers are driven down by commercial whaling
Begin at the sixteenth century
Reaching apex at the nineteenth and early twentieth century
Why they are hunted?
Whale blubber (whale fat)
make oil from it
The fine lattice-like structure
Use in undergarmnents
Chronology
Right whales were the first to bear the brunt
of commercial whaling.
they were slow, easy to capture, and
provided up to 150barrels of blubber oil
and abundant whalebone
Chronology
Eighteenth century-whaler turned to another
species(thegray,humpback,bowhead)-lead to number decline>>Turned to blue
whale-they also decimated>>Turned to smaller whale(the fin,sei,sperm)
Every whale became focus of commercial breeding,its numbers unevitably
began to steep decline
Action
1935-hunting of right whale was made
illegal(their number did not recovered)
1946-formation of International
Whaling Comission(continue to steep
decline)
1974-number are driven down-IWC
banned hunting of blue,gray and
humback and institued partial bans on
other species)
1986-IWC institued a worldwide
moratorium on all commercial killing of
whales
Some species appears to be
recovering while other do not
Case Study:
Lake Victoria Cichlids
Introduced Species-
Lake Victoria, an
immense shallow
freshwater sea about
the size of Switzerland
in the heart of
equatorial east Africa,
had until 1954 been
home to an incredibly
diverse collection of
over 300 species of
cichlid fishes.
These small, perch like
fishes range from 2 to
10 inches in length,
with males coming in
endless varieties of
colors.
In 1954, the Nile perch, Lates niloticus a
commercial fish with a voracious appetite, was
introduced on the Ugandan shore of Lake Victoria.
Nile perch ,which grow to over 4 feet in length,
were to form the basis of a new fishing industry.
By 1989, high inputs of nutrients from
For decades,
these
Bytowns
1986,and
Nile perch
agricultural
runoff and sewages from
perchvillages
did not had
seem
toto algal blooms.
population exploded and
led
have a significant impact
the endemic cichlid species
A normal increase in cichlid numbers
to the
to the cichlids.
were due
virtually
gone.
algal blooms led to the explosive increase in perch
which then ate their way through the cichlids.
Today, all of these cichlid
species are threatened,
or extinct.
• Restoration of once-diverse cichlid fishes to
Lake Victoria.
• Removal of the introduced species.
MORAL : larger fishes are better source of food, but we should not
harm the nature just to fill human needs.
Case Study:
Footed Ferrets
Disruption of Ecological Relationship-
DISRUPTION OF ECOLOGICAL
RELATIONSHIPS-BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS
The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is a highly specialized
predators,prey on prairie dogs
Chronology
A century ago
-at north America range,agricultural
development destroyed
1.their prairie habitat
2.prairie dogs on which they feed
Late 1970s
-the black-footed ferrets was thought
to be gone extinct when the only known wild
population;a small colony in South Dakota died out
1981
-a colony of of Meeteese,Wyoming
was located(left undisturbed for four
years-number dropped by 50%)
Actions
1981-A decision was made to capture some ferrets for a capture breeding
programme
1982-effort to capture all remaining ferrets
1991-great succes-population jumping to 311 individulas
Reintroduction-44 ferrets
1993-Additional 159 were released(having drastic decline)
1998-only 10 individulas are still alive
The reason of decline is not completely understood but predators such as coyotes
appear to have played arole
Current attemps involve killing local coyote
The black-footed ferrets still teeter at the brink of extinction
Case Study:
6
2,000
25,000
Prairie Chickens
Loss of Genetic Variation
Prairie grasses in Illinois
The great prairie chicken (tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) is a
showy 2-pound wild bird renowned for its flamboyant mating
rituals.
Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens
CASES:
Introduction of the steel plow in 1837
Permeates into deep root system in prairie grasses
Habitat Loss
EXTINCTION
Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chicken
Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens
FIRST TRIAL:
1962,1967sanctuary was
established.
But, they were
not doing well.
Their numbers
kept falling.
SECOND TRIAL:
PROBLEM:
1)Population sizes
were too small
2)Mating rituals;
one male
dominate a
flock
Loosing genetic
variability
1992 ,1996- Outof-state prairie
chicken were
brought in to
interbreed with the
Illinois birds, and
hatching rates
were back up to
94% by 1998
Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chickens- Prairie Chicken
Case Study:
Songbirds
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
The songbirds are longdistance migrants and
covers species such as
thrushes, orioles, tanagers,
catbirds, vireos, buntings,
and warbles.
These birds nest in
northern forests in the
summer, but spend their
winters in South or Central
America or the Caribbean
Islands.
Fragmentation of breeding habitat and nesting
failures in the summer nesting grounds of the United
States and Canada have had a major impact on the
breeding of woodland songbirds.
Many of the most threatened species are adapted to
deep woods and need an area of 25 acres or more per
pair to breed and raise their young.
As woodlands are broken up by roads and
developments, it is becoming increasingly difficult to
find enough contiguous woods to nest successfully.
MEGARESERVE
Critical ecosystems –
Core zone.
Research and tourism
– Buffer zone.
Sustainable resource
harvesting and
permanent habitation –
Multiple use area.
Refer to page 645 Biology, Raven.
Conclusion
Endangered species are
accelerating towards extinction,
then who cares about it?
Progressing
with
development,
but if that
only
beneficial to
human, we are
cruel
vicegerence.
Abu Hurairah r.a is a
Companion who loved cats
until he is called; “the cat
lover”