Transcript Intro to ECOLOGY - Solon City Schools

Intro to ECOLOGY
(Chapter 33)
33.1

The study of the interaction of organisms with
each other and their physical environment
Organisms are organized into:
Populations – ex: Perch


ONE species!
(Members of a species living in an area)
Communities –ex: Perch, Walleye, Algae


(All the populations in an area)
Ecosystems –ex: Fish, Algae, Rocks, water



More than ONE
species!
(A community and its physical environment)
includes biotic and abiotic factors
Adds NONliving
components!
Biomes –ex:Tundra, Rainforest


(A large group of similar ecosystems containing distinct
types of plants, animals, etc…determined by climate)
Biosphere


(all the communities on Earth whose members exist in air,
water, and on land)
How do populations grow?
BIOTIC POTENTIAL: highest possible per
capita rate of increase for a population

Per capita rate of increase= (Births-Deaths) / # of
individual

LIMITING FACTORS: (create environmental resistance)

Biotic-living parts of the ecosystem


vegetation, etc
Abiotic – nonliving parts of the ecosystem




Precipitation
Temperature
Inorganic nutrients
Exponential Growth…J curves

Has two phases:



Lag phase: growth is slow
because the population is
small
Exponential Growth Phase:
growth is accelerating,
and the population is
exhibiting BIOTIC
POTENTIAL.
Cannot usually continue
for long because of …
Environmental Resistance &
Carrying Capacity

Environmental Resistance: all the environmental
conditions that prevent populations from reaching their
biotic potential
 Ex: limited food supply, accumulation of waste,
predation, competition…(biotic and abiotic limiting
factors)
MOST populations taper off around their…

Carrying Capacity: # of individuals the environment can
normally support
We call this kind of growth…
Logistic Growth


This creates an “S
shaped curve”
Four phases:




1. Where is the carrying capactiy in
this curve?
Lag
Exponential growth
Deceleration phase (pop
growth slows)
Stable equilibrium
phase/stationary phase
(births and deaths start
to even out)
Discussion Topics…
…Survivorship Curves p. 683
…Human Population Growth
developed vs. less developed countries
…Age distributions
What do the wolves in this
picture represent?
89%
io
m
e
5%
B
om
m
un
m
C
ys
te
os
5%
ity
0%
Ec
4.
tio
n
3.
pu
la
2.
Population
Ecosystem
Community
Biome
Po
1.
Which of the following could
be the wolves COMMUNITY?
16%
so
th
e
ol
v
e
Th
Th
e
w
w
ol
v
po
p
es
es
,a
an
d
nd
ul
at
io
ns
th
e.
..
o.
..
il
5%
he
3.
79%
ll
t
2.
All the populations
of wolves in that
biome
The wolves, and
the moose
The wolves and the
soil
A
1.
Everything in this picture
would add up to a/an…
95%
5%
0%
Ec
ie
s
ec
Sp
os
ys
te
m
io
m
e
0%
B
4.
tio
n
3.
pu
la
2.
Population
Biome
Ecosystem
Species
Po
1.
The Atmosphere, Water and Soil
pictured below are examples of…
74%
21%
5%
ity
0%
om
m
un
C
pu
la
Po
Ec
os
ys
te
m
tio
n
0%
ct
or
s
Fa
ct
or
s
5.
io
tic
4.
Fa
3.
ic
2.
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Ecosystem
Population
Community
ot
1.
.
.
.
.
.
.
The rabbit and wolf below
represent a/an…
89%
89%
ity
om
m
un
tio
n
ul
a
op
co
sy
st
e
m
ct
or
s
17%
11%
6%
Fa
5.
tic
4.
ct
or
s
3.
Fa
2.
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Ecosystem
Population
Community
ic
1.
.
.
.
.
.
.