Transcript Slayt 1 - MIO

Last ice age
60 000-10 000 years
Restoration Attempt for a Threatened
Native Deer Species (Dama dama) in
Antalya / Turkey
ANTALYA
Rhodos
Termessos National Park
Düzlercamı Game Reserve
2003 521 Ha
Mountain goats in Termessos National Park
1974
The IUCN Red List For Thereaten Species
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum
Class
Order
Family
ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA CETARTIODACTYLA CERVIDAE
Scientific Name: Dama dama
Species Authority: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Name/s: Fallow Deer, FALLOW DEER, Mesopotamian Fallow Deer, Persian Fallow
Taxonomic Notes: Feldhamer et al. (1988) and Geist (1998) included Dama mesopotamica in this
species, though it was regarded as a separate species from D. dama by Haltenorth (1959),
Ferguson et al. (1985), Uerpmann (1987), and Harrison and Bates (1991). We follow Pitra et al.
(2004) in treating D. mesopotamica as a separate species, based on a major study on the evolution
and phylogeny of old world deer.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2008
Assessor/s: Masseti, M. & Mertzanidou, D.
Reviewer/s: Black, P.A. & Gonzalez, S. (Deer Red List Authority)
Justification: As a result of introductions by the Phoenicians, Romans, and Normans, it is a
widespread and abundant species in Europe, hence is listed as Least Concern. However, In its
Turkish native range this species is under serious threat.
This is a western Palaearctic species. Its original range is uncle
but current knowledge suggests that Turkey and
southern Europe (southern Italy, Sicily and the southern Balkan
were the post-glacial refuges of the species
The species was introduced to the western Mediterranean by the
Phoenicians,and to central and northern Europe by the Romans
and Normans. However, most of the currently existing population
in Europe result from much more recent introductions
This is a highly adaptable species that can
survive in forest, shrubland, grassland,
pastureland and plantations.
In its native range, Turkey, this original native species
is genetically distinct from D. dama occurring elsewhere
and has suffered severe declines
and has disappeared most of its former distribution
This autochthonous population is restricted to Termessos National Park
and Duzlercamı in Antalya / Turkey.
The population of Dama dama
has not been subjected to any systematic research
on population size
In Turkey, Fallow deer
is at risk from inbreeding,hunting.
habitat conversion for agriculture
poaching
İnterbreeding
urbanization
mulnutrition
The breeding programme began 1966 in Düzlercamı
with 7 animals and the numbers continuously increased up to 500
individuals in 1980s, The population then collapsed until the year
2000 and did not recover agin.
Asidosis
Aged understory vegetation in old game reserve area
66 Falow deer moving to their new reserve area
2011
Total number of deer within the reserve: 112
In wild: app.100
2003 521 ha
Capacity: 50 deer
Fallow deer grazing in new game reserve
(100 ha/ 10 deer)
New game reserve
FIRE;
NEITHER DESTROYS
NOR DEVELOPS
IT ONLY CHANGES
Fire frequencies;
9-25 years
UNDERSTANDING; ECOCENTRIC
APPROACH
MANAGEMENT; ANTROPHOCENTRIC
APPROACH
fire is an integral component in the function and biodiversity
of many natural habitats,
Restoration ecology is the name given to an attempt to reverse or mitigate
some of the changes that humans have caused to an ecosystem.
Prescribed burning is one tool that is currently receiving considerable attention
as a means of restoration and management.
Applying fire to an ecosystem may create habitats for species
that have been negatively impacted by fire suppression,
or fire may be used as a way of controlling invasive species
without resorting to herbicides or pesticides.
Frequent low intensity fires; rejuvenate the habitat,
improve nutritive forage for fallow deercontrol the populations of
problem creating agents such as;
fungies, bacterias, thick, louse, etc
Fire suppression;
results in infrequent, large, hot fires which are not for the favor of
fallow deer.
The lack of fire; results in older, less nutritious plants or sprouts and
uncontrolled populations of Problem creating agents for fallow
deer.
Sea turtele (Caretta caretta) Endangered?
Shearing beaches with sea turteles
Fallow deer buck
Sharing ranges with fallow deers!
Why not?
Yellowstone fires 1988
•250 different fires started between june and August
•7 were responsible for 95% of the total burned area
•Kuraklık ve rüzgar etkisiyle birkaç ay sürdü
•Total area burnted: 321 300 ha
•25 000 people involved
•Supresstion cost 120 million USD
•345 elk (of an estimated 40,000–50,000 = 1%) and
•36 mule deer, 12 moose, 6 black bears, and 9 bison
had perished.
•100 dead fish were reported in two streams
1988
2012
1998