Transcript Population Ecology

Population Ecology
Chapter 6
2015
At the beginning of 2012 Yorba Linda
had a population of 100 coyotes. 7
new pups were born and 3 coyotes
died and 2 coyotes migrated to La
Habra by the end of 2012.
Calculate the size of the coyote population
in Yorba Linda at the end of 2012.
At the beginning of 2012 Yorba Linda
had a population of 100 coyotes. 7
new pups were born and 3 coyotes
died and 2 coyotes migrated to La
Habra by the end of 2012.
Calculate the size of the coyote
population in Yorba Linda at the
end of 2012. 100+7-2-3=102
coyotes
At the beginning of 2012 Yorba Linda
had a population of 100 coyotes. The
population was 102 coyotes at the
end of 2012. Determine the
population growth rate.
At the beginning of 2012 Yorba Linda
had a population of 100 coyotes. The
population was 105 coyotes at the
end of 2012. Determine the
population growth rate.
102 – 100 = 2 coyotes.
2/100 = 2% growth rate
If the growth rate remains
constant, how many years will
it take for the coyote
population to double?
If the 5% growth rate remains
constant, how many years will
it take for the coyote
population to double?
Use the rule of 70:
70/2 = 35 years
A tide pool ecosystem has a species
richness of 10. If you removed all the
starfish, a keystone species from the
ecosystem, what would happen to the
species richness?
A tide pool ecosystem has a species
richness of 10. If you removed all the
starfish, a keystone species, from the
ecosystem, what would happen to the
species richness?
Species richness would
go down by more than 1
because starfish are
keystone species.
Is the carrying capacity of an
ecosystem determined by density
independent or density dependent
factors?
Is the carrying capacity of an
ecosystem determined by density
independent or density dependent
factors?
Name 3 density dependent factors
Name 3 density independent factors
Name 3 density independent factors
Name 5 types of species
interaction
Name 5 types of species
interaction Predation, competition,
commensalism, mutualism &
parasitism
Is cannibalism a density dependent or
density independent factor?
Is cannibalism a density dependent or
density independent factor? Density
dependent factor
Complete the following table
Species
Interaction
Competition
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Species 1
Species 2
Complete the following table
Species
Interaction
Competition
Species 1
Species 2
-
-
Predation
+
-
Mutualism
+
+
Commensalism
+
Neutral
Parasitism
+
-
Define niche and give a specific
example of a species niche.
Define niche and give a specific
example of a species niche. The
biotic and abiotic conditions that
allow an organism to thrive.
The niche of a
polar bear is a
cold environment
with icepack and
open ocean with
plenty of seals to
eat. Few large
competitors.
The concept that 2 species cannot
occupy the same niche is called
_____________.
The concept that 2 species cannot
occupy the same niche is called
competitive exclusion.
What happens to the
competition level as the niche
overlap increases?
What happens to the
competition level as the niche
overlap increases? Competition
increases
What is an herbivore?
What is an herbivore? Animal that
eats plants
Why is bright coloration a defense
against predation?
Why is bright coloration a defense
against predation? Usually bright
coloration indicates poison, so
animals with this coloration are
avoided by predators.
This halibut is an ambush
predator. What feature is it
employing to catch its prey?
This halibut is an ambush
predator. What feature is it
employing to catch its prey?
camouflage
A beaver is a keystone species.
What happens to the species richness of an
ecosystem when you remove all of the
beavers?
A beaver is a keystone species.
What happens to the species richness of an
ecosystem when you remove all of the
beavers? Declines by more than 1!
During primary succession what
species come first, what is the trend
in species diversity, and what is the
trend in primary production?
During primary succession what
species come first, what is the trend
in species diversity, and what is the
trend in ratio of net primary
production to succession?
Small plants (lichen & moss
come first – large plants come
last.
Diversity increases with
succession because more
niches in an old forest.
Ratio of Net primary
production to biomass
decreases with succession
What type of symbiosis is a lichen?
What type of symbiosis is a lichen? A
mutualism between a fungus and a
photosynthetic algae.
Which curve represents large
animals that are long lived, have
few young and mature later in life?
Which curve represents large
animals that are long lived, have
few young and mature later in life? I
These warblers utilize different
portions of this fir tree. This is
known as ______________
And it
_________
competition
among the
warblers.
These warblers forage at different
portions of this fir tree. This is
known as resource partitioning.
And it
decreases
competition
among the
warblers.
What types of situations result in the uniform
distribution of organisms?
What types of situations result in the uniform
distribution of organisms? Competition for
limited resources, territoriality, or alleopathy
(poisons produced by plants)
What type of distribution could protect prey
from predators?
What type of distribution could protect prey
from predators? Clumped. Remember
schooling fish, flocks of birds and and herds
of zebras clump together to avoid getting
eaten.
Identify the logistic growth curve and the
exponential growth curve below.
Identify the logistic growth curve and the
exponential growth curve below. A is
exponential and be is logistic.
Biodiversity increases when:
The latitude _____________.
Keystone species are ___________.
When habitat size is ___________.
At the __________ of primary succession.
Biodiversity increases when:
The latitude decreases.
Keystone species are present.
When habitat size is increased.
At the end of primary succession.